英语翻译Each horizontal row of elements constitutes a period.It

Each horizontal row of elements constitutes a period.It should be noted that the lengths of the periods vary.There is a very short period containing only 2 elements,followed by two short periods of 8 elements each,and then two long periods of 18 elements each.The next period includes 32 elements,and the last period is apparently incomplete.With this arrangement,elements in the same vertical column have similar characteristics.These columns constitute the chemical families or groups.The groups headed by the members of the two 8-element periods are designated as main group elements,and the members of the other groups are called transition or inner transition elements.
周期表的每一行构成一个周期.注意每一周期的长度不同,最短的周期只有两个元素,下面两个周期是短周期,各有8个元素,再下面是两个长周期各有18个元素.再下一个周期有32个元素,最后一个周期明显是不完整周期.周期表按这样的排列,同一列元素具有相似的性质,这些列称为族.其中以8元素周期中的元素打头的族称为主族.其它族中的元素称为过渡元素或内过渡元素.
In the periodic table,a heavy stepped line divides the elements into metals and nonmetals.Elements to the left of this line (with the exception of hydrogen) are metals,while those to the right are nonmetals.This division is for convenience only; elements bordering the line—the metalloids-have properties characteristic of - both metals and nonmetals.It may be seen that most of the elements,including all the transition and inner transition elements,are metals.
在周期表中有一条阶梯状的粗线将所有元素分为金属和非金属.线的左边（除氢以外）都是金属,右边都是非金属.这样的区分只是为了方便,在线附近的元素称为半金属,同时具有金属和非金属的特性.可以看出,大部分元素包括所有的过渡元素和内过渡元素都是金属.
Except for hydrogen,a gas,the elements of group IA make up the alkali metal family.They are very reactive metals,and they are never found in the elemental state in nature.However,their compounds are widespread.All the members of the alkali metal family,form ions having a charge of 1+ only.In contrast,the elements of group IB —copper,silver,and gold—are comparatively inert.They are similar to the alkali metals in that they exist as 1+ ions in many of their compounds.However,as is characteristic of most transition elements,they form ions having other charges as well.
除了氢（一种气体）外,第一主族的元素构成了碱金属.它们非常活泼,在自然界不能以单质存在,然而他们的化合物到处可见.所有碱金属元素只能形成+1价离子.而第一副族的铜银金相对惰性,它们和碱金属相似之处在于它们在很多化合物中呈+1价,但它们和其它大多数过渡金属一样,其离子具有其它价态.
The elements of group IIA are known as the alkaline earth metals.Their characteristic ionic charge is 2+.These metals,particularly the last two members of the group,are almost as reactive as the alkali metals.The group IIB elements—zinc,cadmium,and mercury are less reactive than are those of group II A5,but are more reactive than the neighboring elements of group IB.The characteristic charge on their ions is also 2+.
第二主族称碱土金属.其特征的离子价态为+2.这些金属尤其是最下面的两个差不多和碱金属同样活泼.第二副族元素---锌镉汞没有第二主族元素活泼,但要比相邻的第一副族元素活泼,其特征的离子价态同样为+2.
With the exception of boron,group IIIA elements are also fairly reactive metals.Aluminum appears to be inert toward reaction with air,but this behavior stems from the fact that the metal forms a thin,invisible film of aluminum oxide on the surface,which protects the bulk of the metal from further oxidation.The metals of group IIIA form ions of 3+ charge.Group IIIB consists of the metals scandium,yttrium,lanthanum,and actinium
除了硼以外第三主族的元素也是比较活泼的金属.铝看起来对空气惰性,但这一现象是由铝在其表面可以形成一种肉眼看不见的氧化铝薄膜引起的,从而阻止内部被进一步氧化.第三主族金属可形成正三价离子.第三副族包括了金属钪、钇、镧和锕.

每一行的元素构成的。应该指出,不同长度的时期。有很短的时间内只包含2元素,紧随其后的是两个短的8个元素,然后两个长期的18个元素。下一个阶段包括32元素,和上次月经是显然不完整。这样的安排、元素在相同的垂直柱有相似的特点。这些柱构成了家庭或组。化学这个团体的成员由两8-element时期被指定的主力阵容的元素,和其他组的成员被称为转换或内在过渡元素。
在这个元素周期表,重踏竖线成金属和...

每一行的元素组成一个周期。它应当被表明不同周期变化的长度。有一个非常短的周期只包含两个元素（这是元素周期表的第一行即第一周期包含氢和氦），紧接着是两个由八个元素组成的短周期，然后是两个包含十八个元素的长周期。再接下来是一个包含三十二个元素的周期，并且最后一个周期是明显不完整的。在这样的安排下，在同一竖列的元素有相似的化学特性。这些元素列形成了一个一个的化学元素族或组。这些以八元素周期为开端的族被指...