front axle propeller shaft是什么意思

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1.(1) in the late 1920s,propeller airplanes began to fly at speeds of more 100 miles an hour.
(2) When the wheel was invented over a thousand years ago,man learned that it was possible to travel faster on wheels than on foot.
(3) With the invention of the steam engine about two hundred years ago,man began to travel at what was called ‘dangerous speeds of between 20 to 30 miles an hour.
(4) Man has learned to travel faster and faster throughout history.
(5) About twenty years ago,man began to travel in commercial jet planes at speeds above 500 miles an hour.
(6) The gasoline engines that were used between 1901 and 1920 developed speeds up to 60 miles an hour.

英语翻译
From Fig.32.1,it can be seen that the propeller shaft applies to the shaft D a torque which,as it is transmitted through the bevel gearing,is increased in the same ratio as the speed is reduced.This increased torque is then transmitted through the shaft G to the road wheels.From Newton's third law of motion,we know that action and reaction must be equal and opposite,so not only will this torque tend to rotate the wheel,but also the reaction from the wheel will tend to rotate the shaft G in the opposite sense.Therefore,there will be a tendency for the pinion and its shaft D to swing bodily around the crown wheel,and this tendency will be reacted by the axle casing Some means therefore must be introduced to prevent the axle casing from rotating in the opposite direction.This may be simply the leaf springs themselves,or additional links - torque-reaction or radius rods - may be used and will be essential if coil,instead of leaf,springs are employed.