英语翻译But what is teacher quality?How can one measure it relia

英语翻译
But what is teacher quality?How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district.
Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by
students’ gains on standardized tests:Mr.Smith is presumably a better teacher
than Ms.Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than
hers do.
Though this approach is appealing,there are tricky issues.For example,what
if Ms.Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little
room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem,as well as other sorts of
measurement issues,to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness.The
paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other
observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher
effectiveness:some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their
students’ achievement than others.
Second,easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a
passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated with teacher
effectiveness.
Then what does matter?The most important single influence is experience:
first-year teachers are much less effective than others.The second year is
significantly better,and by the fourth year,most teachers hit their
stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing
(the more you teach,the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest
(those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper,both effects appear important and there is no
simple answer.The data do suggest,however,that teacher effectiveness is
pretty clear by the end of the second year,so the information to make an
informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious issue of racial matching of
students and teachers.Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers
tend to be more effective with minority students.Again,it is unclear whether
this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of
their own race) or an empathy effect (teachers empathize better with students of
their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility.There is some evidence that
teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in
effectiveness.This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
翻译的好了有加分