PROPORTIONAL ELECTRO HYDRAULIO PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE 翻译成中文是

英语翻译
You get a portion of every solved block proportional to your part in pool's hashing power.This payment method has a noticeable variance:some days you can get less,some days you can get more.This is due to randomness of searching for proof-of-work.The fee is 3%

请帮忙翻译这句话：Although this indicates that proportional life cycle savings of remanufacturing
Although this indicates that proportional life cycle savings of remanufacturing may be less for products with high-energy intensity during its user phase, the benefits cannot be neglected.

the sintering rate of a powder is known to be proportional to the grainsize to the power of minus n
如何翻译

英语翻译
A quantity "y" is directly proportional to "x" ,and x=5 when y=25
请问这句英文怎样翻译啊?
不要用机翻译,自己翻译可以吗?
且,"quantity"和"directly proportional"各是什么意思吖?

英语翻译
Abstract
An analytical design for a proportional-integral derivative (PID) controller cascaded with a first order lead/lag filter is proposed for integrating
and first order unstable processes with time delay.The design algorithm is based on the internal model control (IMC) criterion,which has
a single tuning parameter to adjust the performance and robustness of the controller.A setpoint filter is used to diminish the overshoot in
the servo response.In the simulation study,the controllers were tuned to have the same degree of robustness by measuring the maximum
sensitivity,Ms,in order to obtain a reasonable comparison.Furthermore,the robustness of the controller was investigated by inserting a
perturbation uncertainty in all parameters simultaneously to obtain the worst case model mismatch,and the proposed method showed more
robustness against process parameter uncertainty than the other methods.For the selection of the closed-loop time constant,2,a guideline is
also provided over a broad range of time-delay/time-constant ratios.The simulation results obtained for the suggested method were compared
with those obtained for other recently published design methods to illustrate the superiority of the proposed method.
2 2008 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.
Keywords:Unstable delay process; Integrating delay process; PID filter controller; Disturbance rejection; Distillation column control

proportional odds ordered logistic regression model怎么翻译?是什么logistic回归模型

the kinetic energy is proportional to 1/r 2 e , whereas the Coulomb energy scales as 1/re
这句话怎么翻译 其实就是搞不懂 scale as 怎么翻译,

化学翻译,电负性
Allred-Rochow electronagetivity is proportional to Z(eff)/r

SAT数学题
1.If r is directly proportional to s是说s还是r是自变量?
2.If q and r are positive numbers,what percent of （q+1）is 什么叫what percent of （q+1）is

the rate of a certain reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of chemical A present and inversely proportional to the concentration of chemical B present.if the concentration of chemical B is increased bu 100 percent,which of the following is closest to the percent change in the concentration of chemical A required to keep the reaction rate unchanged?