integral viable cell density

（2008•揭阳二模）据报道，德国INTEGRAL公司研究出无辐射冷却技术（用水和冰组成的物质代替传统的氟利昂或氨）荣获德国环境大奖．关于这种新制冷剂，以下叙述不正确的是（　　）
A．该制冷剂对环境不产生任何污染
B．该制冷剂在水的凝固点附近的温度发挥作用
C．该制冷剂具有与水不同的化学性质
D．该制冷剂的作用原理与液氨基本相同

有关improper integral反常积分的一道简单积分题 题目：∫(-∞,+∞) x/(x^2+5)^1/2 dx 讨论这个积分是否存在.（x除以根号下x平方加5,从负无穷积分到正无穷）

我求到这一步：∫(-∞,+∞) x/(x^2+5)^1/2 dx = ∫(0,+∞) x/(x^2+5)^1/2 dx + ∫(-∞,0) x/(x^2+5)^1/2 dx
= lim(x→+∞) [(x^2+5)^1/2] (0,x) + lim(x→ -∞) [(x^2+5)^1/2] (x,0)
算出来两边的limit都是趋向无穷的,最后得到∞-∞.这不应该是0吧.
要怎么能判断这整个积分是否存在呢?

看似很简单的题,怎么都想不通.求高人帮忙指点下,谢谢!

英语翻译
The indefinite integral can be obtained in closed form as an algebraic expression in x and well-known transcendental functions of x .See Grobner and Hofreiter (1961) for a comprehensive collection of formulas describing such indefinite integrals and many important definite integrals 真的非常感谢

微积分definite integral
Evaluate the definite integral.
x from 0 to π/56
cos(28x)sin(sin(28x)) dx

一句英语语法的识别问题.
Traditional Chinese Medicine,as an integral part of Chinese culture,has made grdat contribution to the prosperity of China.问：句中as引导的成分叫插入语还是状语从句?

英语翻译
This Annex IV is an integral and inseparable part of the Warehouse Management Agreement No.,dated …… day of January 2008.
1.xxxxxxx will issue release instruction via authorized signatures in the form of a fax,or e-mail from authorized personnel to the Warehouse Manager,upon which,it will be verified and confirmed to be authorized.
2.Warehouse Manager will upon receipt of the authorized instruction,will release cargo to the party as mentioned in the delivery instruction.
4.The appointed agent or shipping company or forwarding agent mentioned in the release authorization should acknowledge receipt of the Goods and duly stamp and sign the delivery note issued by the Warehouse Manager who should send a copy of same to xxxxxx and EMH for records.

数学微积分（integral,antiderivative)
1/sin x（1除以sin x) 的反导数

英语翻译
net signed area 是什么就好.
上下文是：
the definite integral is defined informally to be the net signed area of the region in the xy-plane bounded by the graph of ,the x-axis,and the vertical lines x = a and x = b.

整点用英文怎么说呀
比如 这个航空公司的航班都是整点的, 就这里面的整点, 应该用什么 是at integral point吗?我不太确定,谢谢!
指的是整点 不是随便几点整， 比如我们口头常说 航班都是整点的 这个整点要怎么说

英文单选：Buddhism has an integral and _____ influence on Chinese national life and culture.
如题,有两个选项 A.persistent,B.pervasive.请问该选哪个啊,我觉得两个都可以?

"play an integral role"这个词组怎解释?
原句是：
Materials that contain carbon play an integral role in the world economy.
这里可不可以认为integral的意思类似important
所以也可解释为“起重要的作用”?
^o^
那和“起重要的作用”的感觉差不多
以下两个翻译哪个更好呢？
1、含碳的物质在世界经济中其中要的作用。
2、含碳的物质在世界经济中是不可缺少的。

请问这几门都是什么课?
Multidimensional differential and integral calculus
Electric and magnetic fields
System theory

麻烦高手翻译几句话：英翻中
Pump: Two-stage rotary vane pump with integral single-phase motor.
Time to Reach Vacuum Level of: 100 millitorr – 60 Seconds Typical.
50 millitorr – 6 Minutes Typical.
Ultimate Vacuum Level:

英语翻译
The attached General Conditions of sale are an integral part of this Agreement and in the event of any conflict between the General Conditions and the terms specified above,the latter shall prevail.

曲面积分 散度定理 求流量
Flux integral:find the flux of the following vector fields across the given surface.Assume the vectors normal to the surface pount outward.
F=r / |r|,r=.across the sphere of radius a centered at the origin.
找出穿过上述向量场的流量Flux.4π(a^2)
我用了两种方法计算
用球面参数化的曲面积分,即F·n的二重积分
散度公式,对F求散度后,三重体积积分
两种方法的答案不同
1.第一种方法得出了正确答案 4π(a^2)

2.第二种方法得到了[8π(a^2)]/3

1.本题是否可以使用这两种方法?

2.如果可以用两种方法为何答案不同?计算错误?请计算以证实

3.如果有计算错误,或任何思路上的错误,请给出正确答案

微积分indefinite integral
Evaluate the indefinite integral.(Remember to use ln(abs(u)) where appropriate.)
e^2x/e^2x+7 dx

英语翻译
Warehousing is an integral part of every logistics system.It plays a vital role in providing a desired level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.The warehousing has evolved form a relatively minor facet of a firm’s logistics system to one of its most important functions.We can define warehousing as that part of a firm’s logistics system that stores products(raw materials,parts,goods-in-process,finished goods)at and between point-of-origin and point-of-consumption,and provides information to management on the status,condition,and dispositions of items being stored.

英语翻译
Abstract
An analytical design for a proportional-integral derivative (PID) controller cascaded with a first order lead/lag filter is proposed for integrating
and first order unstable processes with time delay.The design algorithm is based on the internal model control (IMC) criterion,which has
a single tuning parameter to adjust the performance and robustness of the controller.A setpoint filter is used to diminish the overshoot in
the servo response.In the simulation study,the controllers were tuned to have the same degree of robustness by measuring the maximum
sensitivity,Ms,in order to obtain a reasonable comparison.Furthermore,the robustness of the controller was investigated by inserting a
perturbation uncertainty in all parameters simultaneously to obtain the worst case model mismatch,and the proposed method showed more
robustness against process parameter uncertainty than the other methods.For the selection of the closed-loop time constant,2,a guideline is
also provided over a broad range of time-delay/time-constant ratios.The simulation results obtained for the suggested method were compared
with those obtained for other recently published design methods to illustrate the superiority of the proposed method.
2 2008 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.
Keywords:Unstable delay process; Integrating delay process; PID filter controller; Disturbance rejection; Distillation column control

Radio and television have become suchanintegral part of our daily lives that we seldom,

微积分definite integral
Evaluate the definite integral.
form 0 to a/19
x^37 (a^2-x^38)^1/2 dx (a > 0)

英语翻译
Integral Control
The integral control analyses the effect of the roll stack eccentricity on measurable mill parameters,such as roll force,and builds up a correction which may be applied to the roll force cylinders in order to compensate for the roll eccentricity present.In this method the signal variations due to eccentricity can be analysed and decomposed into their harmonic components using Fourier analysis.This method decomposes a measured signal’s waveform into a series of sine and cosine components.Once identified these components can be used to construct an eccentricity compensation by identifying those waveforms which are synchronous with the rotation of the Back Up Rolls.To be effective the analysis is taken to the first three harmonics.
The Fourier equation used is:
Where:S0 = Continuous level of measured signal,(ST for total signal,SD for differential signal)
 = Angular displacement of Back Up Roll
i = Number of harmonic
The schematic for the roll eccentricity implementation to be used is given below and gives 3 harmonic resonators for the centreline signal and two harmonics for the differential signal.There are two sets of resonators,one for the top backup roll and a separate set for the bottom backup roll.The top and bottom corrections are summed to give the total eccentricity correction outputs.

The Diaoyu Islands are an integral part of Chinese territory.这句话有语病么?

英语翻译
1.Today ,the mouse is an integral part of the GUI of any personal computer.
2.The second button,on the right,usually provides some less-frequently needed capability.
3.Input can be entered through a microphone connected to the computer.
4.The keyboard also contains certain standard function keys.
5.The system’s front panel and the comprehensive keyboard have dedicated buttons,taking you to the main multimedia features.