神经胶质细胞中,有吞噬功能的是吞噬细胞,形成髓鞘的是什么和什么两种.

英语翻译
摘要：
穆勒细胞是唯一从视网膜神经上皮产生的一类神经胶质细胞.这种类型的细胞能够维持正常视网膜平衡,且具有保护作用.最近的证据表明,哺乳动物的穆勒细胞在受到外界损伤或疾病侵害时,可以进行脱分化,退回到前驱细胞或干细胞.探索体内穆勒细胞分化、增殖的分子机制,有利于发现更多***穆勒细胞功能的必要信息.调节穆勒细胞反应和活动的信号转导通路,是细胞机体的重要组成部分.在这项研究中,我们专注于有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶（mapk）信号转导通路在穆勒神经胶质细胞的分化、增殖.我们发现,mapk和stat3信号转导通路存在于在穆勒胶质细胞的发育过程中.睫状神经营养因子（cntf）能够刺激穆勒神经细胞的增值和早期发育.对mapk的磷酸化进行特异性抑制,无论有无cntf的刺激,都会显著地降低穆勒细胞的数量.
这些结果表明,mapk信号转导通路在穆勒神经胶质细胞形成视网膜的发育过程中是很重要的.
abstract
the müller cell is the only glial cell type generated from the retinal neuroepithelium.this cell type controls normal retina homeostasis and has been suggested to play a neuroprotective role.recent evidence suggests that mammalian müller cells can de-differentiate and return to a progenitor or stem cell stage following injury or disease.in vivo exploration of the molecular mechanisms of müller cell differentiation and proliferation will add essential information to manipulate müller cell functions.signal transduction pathways that regulate müller cell responses and activity are a critical part of their cellular machinery.in this study,we focus on mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway during müller glial cell differentiation and proliferation.we found that both mapk and stat3 signaling pathways are present during müller glial cell development.ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf)-stimulated müller glial cell proliferation is associated with early developmental stages.specific inhibition of mapk phosphorylation significantly reduced the number of müller glial cells with or without cntf stimulation.these results suggested that the mapk signal transduction pathway is important in the formation of müller glial cells during retina development.

施万细胞是什么类型的神经胶质细胞
a.星形胶质细胞；
b.少突胶质细胞；
c.小胶质细胞；
d.室管膜胶质细胞.

周围神经系统神经胶质细胞分为哪两种?
周围神经系统神经胶质细胞分为、两种.