外籍教师

中小学外籍教师教学的管理问题分析论文 　　［ 摘要 ］外籍语言教师的引入对我国中小学外语教学水平的提升起到积极的推动作用，但同时也伴随一些亟待解决的问题。主要有：外教管理定位不准，素质良莠不齐，对国情学情认知有偏差，课堂教学随意，流动过频等。因此，引进外教的学校应有以下对策：严格把好聘用关，准确定位外教管理，全面实施融入化管理，严格规范教学工作，构建激励和竞争机制。 　　［ 关键词 ］中小学；外籍教师；教学管理；问题和对策 　　随着全球化和教育国际化的推进，我国对外籍教师（以下简称外教）的引进已从以往的高等院校和少数外国语学校，推进到包括普通公办中小学在内的各层次学校，聘用外教已呈普及化趋势。聘用外教可以对中小学外语教学产生积极影响，但目前外教队伍良莠不齐，故外教课程质量难以得到保障。 　　 一、外教教学管理中存在的问题 　　（一）外教管理定位不准，存在高看外教的现象存在“把外教等同于外国专家”的现象。《国家外国专家局关于印发外国人来华工作许可服务指南的通知》中界定了三类外国人来华工作的情况：A类为“外国高端人才”即外国专家；B类为“外国专业人才”，中小学聘请的外教大多是这一类；C类为“其他外国人员”，指满足国内劳动力市场需求，符合国家政策规定的其他外国人员，其中有些也混迹到外教市场，充当中小学和诸多培训机构中的“冒牌”外教。外教教学管理中存在的不少问题源于对外教的定位不准确。例如有些单位聘请的外国人员没有从事语言教学的专业背景，更不是外国专家。认为会讲外语就可以做外教，甚至长着一张西方人的脸就可以教英语，都是错误的。 　　（二）外教素质良莠不齐，外教队伍鱼目混珠我国中小学内有不少优秀的外教，也存在大量不合格的外教，不少无资质的外国人充任外教。有些外教上课虽激情饱满，但是缺乏教学经验，有些外教自我约束力差，责任心不强。有些教英语的外教并非来自母语为英语的国家，目前英语外教中有不少来自东欧和苏联的非正规外教，往往语言和教学水平“双不合格”。有些外教学历层次较低，没有教师资格证。 　　（三）外教对我国的国情和学生的学情认知有偏差许多外教工作认真，教学上以学生为中心，更善于与学生建立和谐民主的师生关系。但是，也有不少外教对中国教育的基本状况缺乏了解，对我国课堂组织模式、教学内容、学生学习习惯和英语水平等方面认识模糊。此外，文化和思维方式的差异以及个人教学能力的差异，也易使外教教学工作存有偏差。有些外教不适应我国学校的班级规模，不善于掌控学生数量40人以上的课堂。 　　（四）外教课堂教学失于随意部分外教存在授课较随意的现象，不习惯使用固定教材，喜欢用自己编写的讲义来授课，他们的优势是开发教材的能力较强。对外教教学情况的"调查中显示，教材使用方面，仅24%的中国学生认可外教的做法，多数中国学生更认同中国教师的教材运用方式。不同的外教，其教育背景和个体差异很大，对学生的学业和考核要求也不统一。授课时没有成形的大纲和教学案，上课随意性强，常伴随学生的提问即兴发挥，完不成预期的教学计划。 　　（五）外教队伍流动过频外教来华应聘的主要原因有：丰富人生阅历；在华工作的同时，领略中国的风土人情，边工作边旅游等。随着中国经济的发展，为挣钱而来的外教也越来越多，因此，外教签订聘用合同时，多愿意签短期，便于流动。“外教引入潮”方兴未艾造就外教的“卖方市场”，外教供不应求。不少外教的职业定位不明确，他们从事教学工作只是暂时性的，这种流动性，给外教管理工作增加了难度。 　　 二、外教教学管理的对策 　　（一）严格把好聘用关一是严格按标准组织招聘。我国关于“外国人来华工作分类标准（试行）”第二条“外国专业人才（B类）”第三款对“外国语言教学人员”有明确规定，“原则上应从事其母语教学，并取得大学学士及以上学位且具有2年以上语言教育工作经历”。二是用规范化的流程来约束和管理。从初审应聘材料、面试、签合同、办手续一直到外教来华的每个环节，都要一丝不苟。各地教育主管部门应建立外教共享平台，这将更有效、更规范地聘用外教。 　　（二）合理定位外教管理对待外教既不能简单地将其等同于外国专家，也不能仅将其作为外国从业者进行管理。外教到岗之前，除严格审核其资质外，还要对其进行较为全面的岗前培训。外教管理者不仅要在开课前把课程表、教材等交给外教，详细解释教学要求、教学进度、教学课时、考试要求、考勤要求等，以书面形式落实，还要让外教清楚地知道学校对其工作的要求和期望。对外教教学的态度、能力、过程和效果要全程全面地了解与督导，不能因盲目信任而缺失监管。在教学的原则上，对外教与本国教师要一视同仁，不搞特殊化。 　　（三）全面实施融入化管理我们要尊重外教的文化习俗和宗教信仰，以友好的情谊化解文化冲突。外教初来乍到，许多方面需要一个适应的过程，管理部门应该在外教的生活和工作中真心帮助他们。同校教师要把外教当朋友，帮助外教了解中国国情、学校要求和学生学情，使外教和中国师生在相互尊重与理解的基础上友好相处。外教除担任语言课教师外，可参加外语教研活动，在课程开发、教学研讨中提出教材使用和引进方面等建议。管理部门可邀请外教参加课外活动，如邀请外教参加双语节、外语角，让其担任英语竞赛评委，开展外教讲座，这些活动能促使外教更快地融入校园，增进与中国师生的感情。 　　（四）严格规范教学工作一是落实外教入职培训制度。为了保障教学质量，外教到岗后，即由外教管理部门对其进行系统的入职培训。建议在教育局统一培训的基础上，进一步开展校本培训。授课之前，外教应详细了解教学规范和要求、教材的使用、教学案的编写、学生成绩考核办法等。二是落实外教考核制度，对外教管理部门提交的教学计划和教学案进行审核。同时，教学专家应对外教的教学过程进行教学督导，实施月考核和学期考核，针对外教的教学情况给出具体的反馈和建议。规范外教的作息和考勤制度，杜绝私自停课、缺课、整堂课让学生看电影的现象。根据外教的教学投入和教学效果，适当给予奖励和提醒、惩戒，奖罚分明。 　　（五）以激励机制汰劣留优一是增加归属感。外教来到异国他乡，入职之初难免感到孤独和失落，因此，学校可召开隆重的外教欢迎会，让全体教职工参加。如学校有教师照片墙，要安排放置外教的照片，表明外教是本校的一员，中方教师注意要与外教多沟通，拉近距离。二是评优评先。可在每个期末评出优秀外教奖，给获奖者颁发证书和奖金，这有利于外教更好地融入学校，也能促进外教们互相学习。三是设立灵活的薪资制度。学校可以在提高外教薪资水平的基础上，根据月考核，实施“奖励工资制”；还可以实施“教龄津贴”，对优秀的留任外教，根据留任年限，实行一定比例的工资上浮。创造一个能以事业留优秀外教、以待遇留优秀外教、以感情留优秀外教的软环境，促使优秀外教留任。实践证明，只要我们直面问题，积极应对，聘请外教担任中小学外语教师对提升我国中小学外语教学水平能产生积极良好的作用。聘请外教可以使学生接触到原汁原味的外语，与时俱进地感受国外的教育理念和生动的教学方法，对学生增强学习兴趣有着积极的作用 ;

First, general rule The first article invitation foreign teacher comes the school teacher the main purpose is: Strengthens my school English discipline the construction; Enhances my school the quality of teaching and the scientific research level; Sharpens the student English spoken language human relations ability; Serves for my adjustment body development. The second article invitation foreign teacher"s basic principle is: Is, according to must invite, the enhancement management, is adopted by us. Second, teaching management Third article I the school promptly introduce our country"s educational policy, the policy, the teaching system, in the school basic situation, the school goal, the plan of instruction and English teaching question to the foreign teacher.The attention listens to their suggestions. The fourth article foreign teacher should defer to my school plan of instruction as well as the student situation carries on the teaching, and formulates the relatively nimble plan of instruction.Concrete teaching material selection consults the determination by the English section foreign teacher. Fifth article I the school assigns the specialist to be responsible for the foreign teacher routine work, all English teachers all are its assistant, English teacher want to attend a lecture frequently along with the hall, studies the specialized knowledge and the teaching method to the foreign teacher, and pays attention collects and accumulates the foreign teacher"s teaching material. Sixth article acts according to my school reality, my school determined foreign teacher each week teaches the hour is 12-15 study period, the foreign teacher also must accept to my school English teacher"s counselling work, as well as some my school arrangement temporary, correlation English teaching duty. The seventh article permission foreign teacher uses the different method to carry on the teaching, welcome them to give the comment and the suggestion to the teaching.But every is advantageous to the improvement teaching the also practical and feasible opinion and the suggestion must accept and put into practice.To unreasonable or cannot achieve temporarily, should explain patiently. The eighth article foreign teacher teaches the period, the school can arrange English teacher to attend a regular class frequently or the organization observes and emulates the teaching, understood the foreign teacher"s teaching request, carries on the quality of teaching inspection regularly, the guarantee plan of instruction implementation. The ninth article school provides the teaching scientific research essential books, the reference, the reference book and the teaching aid to the foreign teacher. The tenth article foreign teacher may participate in the school organization each kind take activities and so on teaching, scientific research as content vocational study and seminar.English section should frequently exchange the opinion with the foreign teacher, solves them promptly the question which meets in the teaching scientific research. 11th article respect foreign teacher"s religious belief, but does not allow them to carry on in the teaching does missionary work or the propaganda religion activity. 12th article in teaching, in case has the political viewpoint difference, should distinguish the different situation and the nature, processes properly.May frontage expound generally my viewpoint, solves, but the attention do not have to impose in the human.To intends to attack, the provocation political issue must veto a request, and reports promptly to the higher authority department responsible for the work. The 13th article foreign teacher in principle does not have to adjust the curriculum at will, does not have to egress the travel using the teaching time and the visit, the tour.In case the peculiar circumstance needs to adjust the class, must win the school department responsible for the work approval beforehand. Third, administration The 14th article foreign teacher touches on foreign affairs the management as well as the daily life management is responsible specifically by the school office, the school school administration office assists; The teaching management is responsible by the school school administration office, the school office assists. The 15th article foreign teacher should observe the school strictly the related rules and regulations, every because of events or because of sickness cannot the worker, be supposed to submit the written leave slip beforehand, and must win principal"s approval, because the foreign teacher because of events sickness temporarily leaves the school, still needs to obtain principal"s agreement.The foreign teacher is absent from class for no reason, or after has not granted leave leaves the school arbitrarily, the school should give the severe criticism, and regards the plot to deduct the corresponding wages.Circumstance serious, should according to hire the contract the stipulation execution, until dismisses. The 16th article foreign teacher may voluntary participation school organization"s each recreation, the sports.The school and English group needs for to enrich their service culture life to create the condition. 17th article forbid strictlys the foreign teacher working secretly in outside, the concurrent job.The offender will punish according to the related rule. Fourth, funds management 18th article according to National Foreign country Expert Bureau, the State Council introduces the overseas intelligence leading group and so on the department concerned the stipulation, the long-term foreign teacher is hiring the period wages treatment according to the school record, the title, the experience and the discipline nature decides, and enjoys cost-of-living allowances and so on traveling subsidy, general medical expense, housing and water and electricity. The 19th article foreign teacher"s wages, the cost-of-living allowance as well as "Foreign Teacher Hires other expense disbursement which Contract" on stipulated by the school to undertake. Fourth, the life manages the 20th foreign teacher to have to abide by the law China"s, the laws and regulations; Respects the Chinese people the cultural custom, the habits and customs and the religious belief.Does not have to make the damage in the Chinese people sentiment matter. Outside 21th article teaches in the dormitory not to have to stay overnight other people, the visit personnel must stay should register into touches on foreign affairs the guesthouse.Stays overnight secretly other people, in accordance with the situation will impose the education through criticism or the external affair disciplinary action. The 22th article fulfillment receives callers the registration system, after the school external affair work leading group agreed only then receives has the personnel who the appointment or receives the invitation.Has the matter to egress must return to school before evening ten o"clock, after ten o"clock, without are in charge of principal to agree, do not permit secretly and any visit personnel contact. 23th article does not have in the campus and so on public place smoking, the phlegm; Does not permit to put on the vest, the slipper enters the classroom.Forbid strictlys beside the time which stipulated in the school with the opposite sex student contacting. 24th article strict observance school regulation school discipline.Outside teaches to be supposed to be same with my school teaching and administrative staff, on, gets off work on time, does not have to be absent without leave, to be late or leaves early, has the matter to have first through to contact with the teacher to be in charge of principal to ask for leave, after the authorization only then leaves. 25th article daily necessities and the related facility and so on loving care computer, bicycle, the damage or losing must compensate. 26th after article assumes a post, how does my school related staff demonstrate uses the life facility, outside teaches to be supposed to study earnestly and to grasp; In relates under teacher"s leadership, to nearby bank start account, familiar places and so on post office, supermarket, theater, station. 27th article and the Chinese government teacher, the student respect mutually, live together in peace and harmony, in case the concrete question, should through contact with the teacher to the school external affair work leading group prompt reflection, solves properly. Outside 28th article teaches the daily work load not to surpass for 8 hours, each week work does not surpass 5 day.With school in English teacher together work. Outside 29th article each set teaches in the dormitory to provide the essential daily necessities, both sides connects with the inventory at the appointed time: The television (1), the telephone (1), the electric boiler (1), the kitchen equipment (1), drinks the hydraulic engine (1), the tableware (1), the single bed (1), on the bed the thing (1), the headstock (1), the writing desk (1), the chair (2), the closet (1), the desk lamp (1), showers the equipment (1), washer (1), television (1), refrigerator (1), air conditioning (1). Outside 30th article teaches to be possible to obtain the monthly salary Renminbi 3000 Yuan, the full two semesters provide the round-trip airplane ticket, if works a semester to provide the one-way airplane ticket. 31th article like needs the vehicle, should ahead of time one day through contact with the teacher to inform is in charge of principal, after waits the authorization only then to use.The attention rides in a carriage the security, maintains in the vehicle neat. Outside 32th article teaches to be possible in the school the free seeing a doctor, if must arrive the extracurricular seeing a doctor, should accompany by the school liaison officer, the medical service may settle account by its myself or pay first by the school, repays by myself.The medical insurance and the accident personal property are safe, takes care of oneself by the outside manual person. 33th article enjoys China"s normal holiday.Christmas day period, has a vacation 4 day.The school authorities organize 1-2 local time and the peripheral locality traveling, the expense bear by the school authorities.Teaches tour by outside which arranges voluntarily, all expenses take care of oneself by its myself, simultaneously must inform promptly is in charge of principal its traveling geographic name and the driving route. The 34th outside article school authorities ended for a month in the vacation to inform to teach, favors them to carry on the arrangement; The school authorities teach into the school and in outside hold separately to the timing welcome and see off party, is in charge of principal to speak, please outside teach to eat meal, outside teaches to the school in front of to request them to leave behind the related teaching material, and had finished after the semester outside a month submits to area Bureau of Education teaches in the school work appraisal situation. The 35th outside article school authorities assist to teach to handle the resident certificate (date of expiry to finish an after for month up to semester).Assists to prearrange it to leave the school bus (ship, machine) the ticket. Outside 36th article teaches after the school, it hires the relations with the school authorities also to relieve, the school no longer undertakes any responsibility to it. Fifth, the safety control 37th foreign teacher in arrives in my school for 12 hours, must arrive Suzhou External affair Department and the public security department verifies and handles the external affair personnel to temporarily reside the card. The 38th article school designation administrative personnel, the teaching assistant help the foreign teacher as soon as possible familiar work and the living conditions, understood the school the rules and regulations, explains the essential security general knowledge and the safe guard measure. The 39th article foreign teacher must in the apartment which provides in the school live, in the room cannot alone counsel the opposite sex student. The 40th article foreign teacher egresses when myself must lock the door, close the window, does not close the windows and doors to appear the security event not to undertake the responsibility by the foreign teacher. The 41th article school provides to the foreign teacher each kind of domestic electric appliances which uses in the apartment, before the use must by the school designation administrative personnel, the teaching assistant explain the demonstration, guarantees the use security.If in use process operation not when causes the facility damage, invests voluntarily by the foreign teacher the service, appears the person to harm the school authorities not to undertake the mistake. The 42th article foreign teacher cannot the back guy receive a telegram secretly in the apartment, the use high efficiency uses the electric appliance; Discovered the facility equipment has the question to have to report promptly to the school, the school sends the specialist to inspect the service, the prompt solution, guarantees the water, the electricity, the warm security. The 43th article school arrangement foreign teacher participates in the public relations or the social public welfare activity, must accompany by the specialist. The 44th article foreign teacher should undertake the responsibility in the extracurricular security by myself. The 45th article foreign teacher participates in outside the invitation contract the activity, after must by the school to agree and reports the correlation department to authorize only then to carry on. The 46th article this system completely matters concerned have not worked by the school foreign teacher the leading group to make the explanation and the arrangement.

Dear sir ,Thank you for giving us so much support and courage in our English study.It is an impressive experience in my memory,I cannot forget it forever. I want to show you the sincere blessing in this special day. Happy Teacher"s Day!