marketing

公共关系与时尚写作（Public Relations and Fashion Writing）时尚市场管理（Management of Fashion Marketing）时尚营销管理（Fashion Management Marketing）当代时尚广告文化研究（Contemporary Advertising in the Fashion Field）叙述新方法与传播新趋势（New Narrative Methods and the Communication of Trends）

市场营销策略

各种应急临时发生的事件。

domestic marketing department 国内营销部 international marketing department 国际营销部 market 是市场 marketing 是营销

一个是动词一个是名词，marketing说的是营销活动，market指的则是市场。

1、定义不同Marketing是市场营销包含意思很广，比如市场调查、开发产品、制定销售政策、规定合理价格、改进销售方法、开拓销售渠道、调节产品贮运、培训业务人员、改进售后服务、公共关系和广告业务等等。Market是市场的意思如市场，股票市场，市集中买卖的人群。2、构成因素不同Market是市场是一个客体，其主要由人口＼购买力＼购买欲望三要素构成。而Marketing销售解决的是卖家在哪，买家在哪可以买到卖家产品等一系列的问题。3、解决方式不同Market营销是解决由满足消费者需求或创造消费者需求的整个的一个系统,但它只是根据市场的情况来具体运做的一个系统；MarKet销售只是这个大系统中的一个小系统，是解决怎样把产品送到销售者手中的问题。此外，营销方法有：整合营销传播（IntegratedMarketingCommunications）数据库营销（DATABASEMARKETING）网络营销（InternetMarketing）直复营销（directmarketing）关系营销（RELATIONSHIPMARKETING）参考资料：百度百科---市场营销

Marketing :是市场营销包含意思很广比如市场调查、开发产品、制定销售政策、规定合理价格、改进销售方法、开拓销售渠道、调节产品贮运、培训业务人员、改进售后服务、公共关系和广告业务等等Market:是市场的意思1.市场;股票市场;市集2.(集)市;菜市(场);市场中买卖的人群3.销路,需求4.行情,市况5.销售

markting是营销，营销包括4p:产品，价格，渠道，促销。就会有产品开发，推广，销售，定价，促销活动策划。market是市场的意思，市场是否饱合，如何打开市场等等。应该说后者隶属于前者，范围更小

market 是市场marketing是市场营销

英语口语：market和marketing的区别相信很多习惯于用中文“学”英语的人见到英语market和marketing都会不假思索的开口“说”中文：“市场”和“营销”。问题是：你学英语就要“用”英语，你见到英语market和marketing也能想“用”中文那样自如的“说”英语“用”英语吗？见英语“说”英语是我们之所以要学英语最想具备的英语技能之一。1) 见到英语market，“说”英语： 我们需要把下面学过的高中英语“用起来”：a place,buy and sell something(专业点的说goods and service 产品与服务)1. Well,a market is a place. 2. for buying and selling sonething/goods and service.3. Well,a market is a place for buying and selling sonething/goods and service.这都是高中英语，“学会”还要“会用”。2) 见到marketing，“说”英语：1. Marketing is about selling goods and service. 2.. Marketing is about How to sell goods and service BETTER.How to sell better其实也正是sell(销售)与marketing(营销)的区别所在：先卖自己，再卖产品，也就是“卖艺又卖身”。Sell也是只“卖艺”。希望今后你见到market和marketing“说”的都是英语，是你都学过的英语。

1、定义不同Marketing是市场营销包含意思很广，比如市场调查、开发产品、制定销售政策、规定合理价格、改进销售方法、开拓销售渠道、调节产品贮运、培训业务人员、改进售后服务、公共关系和广告业务等等。Market是市场的意思如市场，股票市场，市集中买卖的人群。2、构成因素不同Market是市场是一个客体，其主要由人口＼购买力＼购买欲望三要素构成。而Marketing销售解决的是卖家在哪，买家在哪可以买到卖家产品等一系列的问题。3、解决方式不同Market营销是解决由满足消费者需求或创造消费者需求的整个的一个系统,但它只是根据市场的情况来具体运做的一个系统；MarKet销售只是这个大系统中的一个小系统，是解决怎样把产品送到销售者手中的问题。此外，营销方法有：整合营销传播（IntegratedMarketingCommunications）数据库营销（DATABASEMARKETING）网络营销（InternetMarketing）直复营销（directmarketing）关系营销（RELATIONSHIPMARKETING）参考资料：百度百科---市场营销

mall 大型的购物中心， 商业街。比如万象城，龙湖天街系列。mart 商店。比如罗森便利店，711便利店。market 市场，一般强调经济学上的抽象概念，如市场经济。marketing 强调的是销售，营销。

p2p 营销，就是这个

你好Candidates interested in applying for the Marketing Coordinator position must be punctual, detail oriented, capable of multi-tasking, independent and also a team player. She/he will help with regular online research and content development for various consumer websites and products. This person will report to the Assistant Marketing Manager in Taiwan. 能按时完成任务。市场分析能力强，注重细节，能同时进行多任务工作，能独立工作也能团队合作。主要负责为众多消费性网站及产品做定期线上调研及内容开发。向台湾公司市场部副理诉职。

营销整合协调员，一般向产品项目经理和营销经理汇报，学习机会多，辛苦-些

marketing是经贸英语中最常用的词语之一。在外贸人员的名片上我们也经常看到marketing department和 marketing plan等词语。，它们通常被译成销售部和销售计划。在外贸函电和外贸英语教科书中，marketing常被译为“销售”。笔者认为这种译法不够确切。这除了有语言方面的原因外，还涉及到中外经营管理体制的不同。 　　我们不妨先从market作动词的含义谈起。当market作及物动词时，意思是to carry on all activities by which transfer of title or possession of a product from seller to buyer is effected； 或者是to introduce a product on the market（n.市场）。这种含义的market及其派生marketing的意思与sell和sale相近，可汉译为“销售”，如： 　　The exporter wishes to market his goods in a foreign country through instrumentality of an independent agent. 那个出口商想要靠一独立代理人在国外销售其货物。 　　The joint venture insisted on their cooperative marketing the new computers. 这家合资企业坚持它们合作销售新计算机。 　　当market作不及物动词时，它与trade含义相同，表示在市场上进行买卖活动，它派生的marketing只能汉译为“（市场上的）交易，买卖”，而不是单一的“销售”。例如：do our evening marketing（到夜市上去买（卖）东西）；an international marketing company（一家国际贸易公司）。 　　Marketing 作为经贸术语，《Americana 百科全书》的解释是：“Marketing is defined as " the performance of business activities directed towards, and incident to, the flow of goods and services from producer to customer or user". Marketing, therefore, is made up on one hand of physical activities such as transporting, storing, and selling goods, and on the other hand of a series of decisions which must be reached by any organization undertaking any part of the process of moving goods from the producer to the user.” 　　由此可知marketing一词的含义很广，它主要是指提供产品和服务来满足消费者的需要。具体包括：市场调查、开发产品、制定销售政策、规定合理价格、改进销售方法、开拓销售渠道、调节产品贮运、培训业务人员、改进售后服务、公共关系和广告业务等等。所以不能狭隘地把marketing理解成selling或sale，实际上后者仅仅是marketing的一部分。例如： 　　Marketing of a product does not only mean selling, but going to the market, 　　visiting our customers…… 推销产品不只意味着出售，而且还要亲临市场，拜访客户…… 　　汉译时需要根据具体的语言环境译成“推销”、“行销（学）”、“市场学”和“销售学”等等。 　　至于本文开头提到的marketing department到底怎样翻译，笔者认为先要了解中外经贸机构的设置情况。60年代末，西方工业由 　　于广泛采用电子技术而出现了一个质变性飞跃，经济发展空前迅速，市场竞争日趋激烈。为了提高竞争力。为了提高竞争能力，这 　　些国家的企业、公司越来越感到发展与推销产品有关的各个业务环节的综合作用的重要性。许多公司扩大了原来的sales 　　department的业务范围，并把它改为marketing department.这是西方企业销售经营管理体制改革中的一项重要内容。英国广播 　　公司（BBC）出版的《商业英语》（ The language of business ）一书在解释marketing department时指出： In many firms now 　　the sales department, advertising department, public relations and so on are combined into one department, 　　called marketing.其业务范围相当于我国现行外贸机制中各外贸进出口公司的出口处、商情处、外事组等部门。 　　因此笔者认为在翻译来自国外的函电或资料时，把marketing department译为“市场开拓部”、“推销部”更为确切些。而我国外 　　贸公司设立的单纯销售部门的英译一般用sales department.

Marketing是经贸英语中最常用的词语之一。在外贸人员的名片上我们也经常看到marketing department和 marketing plan等词语。它们通常被译成“销售部”和“销售计划”。在外贸函电和外贸英语教科书中，marketing常被译为“销售”。笔者认为这种译法不够确切。这除了有语言方面的原因外，还涉及到中外经营管理体制的不同。 　　我们不妨先从market作动词的含义谈起。当market作及物动词时，意思是to carry on all activities by which transfer of title or possession of a product from seller to buyer is effected； 或者是to introduce a product on the market（n.市场）。这种含义的market及其派生marketing的意思与sell和sale相近，可译为“销售”，如： 　　The exporter wishes to market his goods in a foreign country through instrumentality of an independent agent. 那个出口商想要靠一位独立代理人在国外销售其货物。 　　The joint venture insisted on their cooperative marketing the new computers. 这家合资企业坚持它们合作销售新计算机。 　　当market作不及物动词时，它与trade含义相同，表示在市场上进行买卖活动，它派生的marketing只能译为“（市场上的）交易，买卖”，而不是单一的“销售”。例如：do our evening marketing（到夜市上去买（卖）东西）；an international marketing company（一家国际贸易公司）。 　　Marketing 作为经贸术语，《Americana 百科全书》的解释是：“Marketing is defined as "the performance of business activities directed towards， and incident to， the flow of goods and services from producer to customer or user". Marketing， therefore， is made up on one hand of physical activities such as transporting， storing， and selling goods， and on the other hand of a series of decisions which must be reached by any organization undertaking any part of the process of moving goods from the producer to the user.” 　　由此可知marketing一词的含义很广，它主要是指提供产品和服务来满足消费者的需要。具体包括：市场调查、开发产品、制定销售政策、规定合理价格、改进销售方法、开拓销售渠道、调节产品贮运、培训业务人员、改进售后服务、公共关系和广告业务等等。所以不能狭隘地把marketing理解成selling或sale，实际上后者仅仅是marketing的一部分。 　　例如： Marketing of a product does not only mean selling， but going to the market，visiting our customers…… 推销产品不只意味着出售，而且还要亲临市场，拜访客户…… 　　汉译时需要根据具体的语言环境译成“推销”、“行销（学）”、“市场学”和“销售学”等等。 　　至于本文开头提到的marketing department到底怎样翻译，笔者认为先要了解中外经贸机构的设置情况。60年代末，西方工业由于广泛采用电子技术而出现了一个质变性的飞跃，经济发展空前迅速，市场竞争日趋激烈。为了提高竞争能力，这些国家的企业、公司越来越感到发展与推销产品有关的各个业务环节的综合作用的重要性。许多公司扩大了原来的sales department的业务范围，并把它改为marketing department.这是西方企业销售经营管理体制改革中的一项重要内容。英国广播公司（BBC）出版的《商业英语》（ The language of business ）一书在解释marketing department时指出： In many firms now， the sales department， advertising department， public relations and so on are combined into one department， called marketing. 其业务范围相当于我国现行外贸机制中各外贸进出口公司的出口处、商情处、外事组等部门。 　　因此笔者认为在翻译来自国外的函电或资料时，把marketing department译为“市场开拓部”、“推销部”更为确切些。而我国外贸公司设立的单纯销售部门的英译一般用sales department. 在我国的产、供、销合一的企业管理体制下，“销”是对应“产”而言，和marketing所指的“推销”或“销售”概念也有一定的区别。

有序销售安排An Orderly marketing arrangement (OMR) is a bilateral arrangement whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other controls on important.有序销售安排是一个双边协议，凭借输出国（政府或行业）同意削减或限制出口，而无需进口国采用配额、关税或其他进口控制措施

离线营销模式(offline market) 离线营销是 在线营销 (online market)的对称，亦称相关产品开发。众所周知， 互联网是一次生产力的巨大飞跃， 它的意义甚至可能超过蒸汽机的产生所带来的革命性的影响。 正因如此，互联网聚集财富的方式应当不只是局限在网站本身， 相反，正是由于互联网在整个社会经济生活中的运用， 使得生产经营效率得到根本性的提高，就像蒸汽机的发明一样， 如果你单就蒸汽机本身来论它的意义， 那它所增加的产值充其量只是那几家生产蒸汽机工厂本身而已， 但实际情况是，正是由于蒸汽机的运用， 才有了整个工业革命的到来。同样，对于互联网来说， 如果仅仅依靠在线营销来聚集财富，那么， 这就大大误解了互联网的价值。离线营销，只要运用得好， 有时甚至比在线营销，能带来很多的利润。这得从网络资源说起。 网络资源是一个较为宽泛的概念，具体可分成原生资源和再生资源。 原生资源是指网络资源的主体，即 人力资源 ，也就是网站编辑、 网站管理员、程序员和作者，亦指客体，即网络内容， 网络所承载的精神产品，以及物质载体和表现手段， 也就是促使网络内容得以完成的物化资源。再生资源， 指的是已开发成网络产品，但仍蕴含着潜在市场价值的资源。 如果是网络小说，可转换成纸上图书、光盘杂志、电子出版物， 甚至可延伸为电视、电视剧、电影和明星包装， 还可以向世界各国提供 版权 ，译成各种语言。通过媒介的转换， 可充分挖掘、利用和增加网络资源的附加值。 这也正是网络离线营销的立足点和价值生长点。

分别是：英/ku0259nu02c8du026au0283u0259nl/ ，英/u02c8mɑu02d0ku026atu026au014b/，英/θru0252u014b/

economics

international business 我感觉这个比较好找工作，因为现在做外贸的企业比较多

Marketing collateral 可以理解为: 辅助营销手段，Stationary : 在这里可以理解为产品展示，Leave Behind: 可以看作产品宣传资料（如产品介绍，小册子，）

人才市场

marketing specialist 营销专家网络释义1. 市场专员例句:1.When a senior marketing specialist position opened up for the eastern north americaregion, he pounced. 当北美东部地区需要一位高级市场营销专员时，汤姆立刻申请了这个职位。

一般分为两类：一类是产品销售人员，业内又称猎手型销售。通常是针对一些消费品的销售,这类消费品操作简便，如电视、冰箱等。一类是顾问式销售。通常是针对一些专用设备等的销售，需要针对客户的需求，为其寻求解决方案，例如发电机、水泵、变压器、交换机等。

golbal marketing 把国际市场当做一个整体，产品不会细分。International marketing 产品会针对不同市场而细分， 而且可能会在国外设有分支。

TM是渠道营销 ，注重消费者促销渠道促销、渠道项目的计划与开展，品宣物料的计划与管理，促销员的管理等。 BM是品牌营销，注重品牌战略与定位，品牌活动的开展，媒体计划的制定与实施，PR的开展等

trademarketing和marketing的区别?答：感谢您的提问。根据相关资料查询，trademarketing和marketing的区别是对消费者产生影响的环境不同。因为marketing在店外对消费者产生影响,而trademarketing在店内对消费者产生影响。

什么是trade marketing 交易市场 trade marketing 英 [treid u02c8mɑ:ku026atu026au014b] 美 [treid u02c8mɑrku026atu026au014b] 词典 商业营销 网路 渠道营销; 通路行销; 通路营销 双语例句 1 Know domestic and international trade, marketing and contract signing, etc. 职位描述：懂得国际国内贸易，营销和签订合同等。 brand marketing主要针对的是终端使用者的需求。考虑如何让人们选择这个品牌而不是其他。终极目标是让终端使用者满意。 trade marketing主要针对的是零售商的需求。考虑如何通过让这个产品上架来提高零售商的营业额啊利润什么的。要达成这个目的的话基本首先要满足终端使用者需求(不然根本卖不动谈什么为零售商提高营业额…)，但是视点不同，终极目标是让零售商满意。 如楼上匿名答主所说，TM通常在marketing和sales之间工作。通过marketing了解终端使用者需求，通过sales了解零售商需求。 贸易营销 Work with IPG marketing team, regional trade marketing team and regional salesteam, the regional consumer marketing program specialist are responsible forfollowing key areas. 与IPG市场部、区域贸易市场部、区域销售部一起工作，区域消费市场计划专家主要有以下工作。 trade /treid/ n. 贸易 v. 交易，交换 market /ma:kit/ n. 交易 v. 推销， 买东西 trade marketing 贸易交易 trade marketing是什么部门 trade marketing 贸易市场 双语对照 词典结果： trade marketing [英][treid u02c8mɑ:ku026atu026au014b][美][treid u02c8mɑrku026atu026au014b] 商业营销; 以上结果来自金山词霸 例句: 1. Mark rusher trade marketing director, orion group. 猎户星出版集团贸易市场主管。 digital marketing和trade marketing的区别 Trade marketing is a discipline of marketing that relates to increasing the demand at wholesaler, retailer, or distributor level rather than at the consumer. 可理解为大客户经理 adobe marketing cloud什么是 adobe marketing cloud Adobe (Nasdaq: ADBE)释出了一款新演算法引擎及其在 Adobe Marketing Cloud 受 众核心型服务（Audience Core Services）方面取得的进展，这些技术可将资料驱动营销与广告技术融为一体。当今的广告主们仍将过多精 力投放于展示广告竞标的形式，以及由各种供应商提供多样化的广告购买途径及付费方式，因而程式化广告购买对他们来说仍将是一个挑战。通过原生整合程式化购 买，Adobe 将市场带到营销人员面前，并使不同渠道拥有始终如一的消费体验，从而获得不断增长的投资回报率（ROI）。新的 Audience Core Services 使品牌接触到各种渠道的大量受众及行为资料，包括CRM系统、网站以及应用，同时利用新演算法利器，通过 Adobe Media Optimizer 覆盖付费媒体的受众。 Adobe 数字营销副总裁 John Mellor 表示：“我们认为之前在程式化方面的努力持续性较差，且只着眼于现场广告竞标。而一个可以囊括所有目标群体、资料以及实现技术定价和媒体成本透明化的一站式平台，则已经是朝向真正的程式化迈出了一大步。它还可与其他Adobe Marketing Cloud 解决方案共享细分受众群体，这使得资料在不同渠道均可活跃起来，并确保无论营销人员通过哪一渠道与目标群体沟通，受众接收到的资讯都是一致的。” 望采纳。 什么是Marketing marketing 英 [u02c8mɑ:ku026atu026au014b] 美 [u02c8mɑ:rku026atu026au014b] n.销售，经销，行销，商品销售业务； 市场学； 商品自生产者转移到消费者手中的一系列有关机能； 〈集合词〉市场购买的货品，适合市场上销售的货品 vt.出售； 为出售提供 vi.卖； 买 1. The direct marketing industry has bee adept at packaging special offers. 直接邮寄广告业在特卖品的包装方面已经变得非常熟练了。 2. Are your products and services petitive? How about marketing? 你们的产品和服务有竞争力吗？营销又怎么样呢？ 3. Meshing the research and marketing operations will be Mr. Furlaud"s job. 把研究与市场运作紧密结合起来将成为弗劳德先生的工作任务。 4. Marketing is applied to everything these days, and books are no exception. 现在市场营销已无处不在，图书也不例外。 5. It"s been a tricky business marketing his new invention. 推广他的新发明一直是件棘手的事情。

贸易市场

表示满意，是法语语法：1、用作动词时的意思是“(使)高兴，(使)满意”，,指欲望或兴趣得到满足后产生强烈的兴奋、满意的情绪。还可指“想要，喜欢”，指对某物的渴望。例句：Jenesuispastrèscontentdudisquequevousm"avezenvoyé我对你寄给我的唱片不太满意。2、可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，后接名词、代词作宾语。例句：Noussommestrèssatisfaitsdesarticlespré-commandés我们对预购的物品很满意。扩展资料用法：1、多用在祈使句中，可放在句首，也可放在句末，放在句末时，常用于表示主语的感觉或情绪，是系表结构。例句：Iln"estpassatisfaitdecequejesemblefairecequejedevrais他对我好像没有做我该做的而感到不满意。2、一是表示客气的请求，常用于小事，二是用于反语，表达说话人奇怪、惊讶、愤怒等感情。例句：Illaregardaavecunsouriresatisfait他面带满意的笑容扫了她一眼。

Marketing Executive的汉语意思：（参考有道词典）1.销售主管Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管 Marketing Representative 销售代表 ... 2.市场部主任简历制作交流中心 ... manager 经理 marketing executive 市场部主任 marketing manager 市场部经理 ... 3.市场专员上海盛发投资管理有限公司,市场专员(Marketing Executive),找工作,招聘...

品牌营销

marketing (动名词，要加ing)concerning....(分词短语作定语，修饰 advice)

选校或者选专业定位可以 参考留学志愿参考系统http://tieba.baidu.com/p/5237230026，输入GPA、专业等信息，系统会自动从数据库中匹配出与你情况相似的同学案例，看看他们成功申请了哪些院校和专业，也可以按照留学目标来查询，看看你的目标院校和专业都哪些背景（语言成绩多少分、学校背景如何、什么专业、GPA多少等）的学生申请了，也从而对比自身情况，制定大致的目标和方向。

在我国，E-marketing起步较晚，到1996年才开始被我国企业尝试。1997——2000年是我国网络营销的起始阶段，电子商务快速发展，越来越多的企业开始注重E-marketing。2000年至今，E-marketing进入应用和发展阶段，E-marketing服务市场初步形成：企业网站建设迅速发展；网络广告不断创新；营销工具与手段不断涌现和发展。到2008年6月底，中国网民高达2.53亿，居世界第一位，网购人数达6329万人。到2009年底，中国网民高达近4亿，居全球第一。到2010年6月，总体网民规模达到4.2亿。到2011年6月底，我国网民总数达到4.85亿，互联网普及率为36.2%，较2010年底提高1.9个百分点。截至2011年12月底，中国网民数量突破5亿，达到5.13亿，全年新增网民5580万。互联网普及率较上年底提升4个百分点，达到38.3%。目前，网络调研、网络广告、网络分销、网络服务、网上销售等网络营销活动，正异常活跃地介入到企业的生产经营中。

还有在网络上整合官网、网上商城、博客、微博、SNS、论坛、E-mail、视频网站、短信、彩信等应用与资源。通过网络与传统的整合，更加有效的与客户互动，维系与客户的关系，传递价值。例子：在网站上注册，通过手机的验证，获得一个有二维码的彩信，然后到商铺消费时候，通过扫描二维码，即可获得一定优惠。这样就是一种E-Marketing。由于互联网近几年的快速发展，最为全面合理的概念解释是：E-marketing，也叫网络营销。是企业整体营销战略的一个组成部分，是为实现企业总体经营目标所进行的，以互联网为基本手段营造网上经营环境的各种活动。准确地说，网络营销就是以互联网为主要手段开展的营销活动。与许多新兴学科一样，“网络营销”同样也没有一个公认的、完善的定义。凡是以互联网为主要手段进行的、为达到一定营销目标的营销活动，都可称之为网络营销即E-marketing.也就是说，E-marketing贯穿于企业开展网上经营的整个过程，包括信息收集、信息发布，到开展网上交易为主的电子商务阶段，网络营销一直都是一项重要内容。E-marketing是以互联网为载体，以符合网络传播的方式、方法和理念实施营销活动，以实现组织目标或社会价值。网络营销产生于20世纪90年代，发展于20世纪末至今。网络营销产生和发展的背景主要有三个方面，即网络信息技术的发展，消费者价值观的改变，激烈的商业竞争。E-marketing概念的同义词包括：线上营销、互联网营销、在线营销、网络行销、口碑营销、视频营销、网络事件营销、社会化媒体营销、微博营销、博客营销、知识营销等。

e-marketing电子营销　　概念e-marketing是electronic marketing的缩写，也就是电子营销的意思，通常理解为电子商务。电子营销是一个整合营销，其包含了网络营销、邮件营销、视频营销等在内。电子营销的是运用电脑、平板电脑、手机、二维码扫描仪、户外电视等电子设备，有效的整合网络跟传统线下资源。还有在网络上整合官网、网上商城、博客、微博、SNS、论坛、E-mail、视频网站、短信、彩信等应用与资源。通过网络与传统的整合，更加有效的与客户互动，维系与客户的关系，传递价值。 例子：在网站上注册，通过手机的验证，获得一个有二维码的彩信，然后到商铺消费时候，通过扫描二维码，即可获得一定优惠… 例句:1.E-marketing has lessened the disadvantage that small businesses have faced for years when competing with larger businesses. 网络营销已经减弱了几年来小企业面临大企业竞争时面对的不利因素

1.marketing-- is "the process of planning and executing the pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods, ideas, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. 2.sales---the act of selling; exchange of property of any kind, or of services, for an agreed sum of money or other valuable consideration marketing是包括购买和销售.针对购买,销售,这个部门的人员要做市场调查,产品开发,制订生产计划,定好价格,做广告宣传和包装等事项sales主要就是销售.在这个部门的员工要有说服人的能力.

sales [seu026alz] n. 销售（sale的复数）；销售额adj. 销售的，售货的；有关销售的marketing ["mɑu02d0ku026atu026au014b] n. 行销，销售v. 出售；在市场上进行交易；使…上市（market的ing形式）sales单纯指“销售”,就是“卖”东西。marketing指“市场”,不光有“销售”,还包括“市场培育”、“公关”等 内容。营销（marketing）和销售（sales）属于不同市场环境下的“市场营销”观念。

marketing是市场部sales是销售部市场部以调查规划为主，销售部主要是跑业务。

sales单纯指“销售”,就是“卖”东西。marketing指“市场”,不光有“销售”,还包括“市场培育”、“公关”等 内容。营销（marketing）和销售（sales）属于不同市场环境下的“市场营销”观念。1.sales主要面向对象有两种，一种是最终客户，包括电话销售和直销、网售等多种形式，sales另外一种是面向渠道，职能是渠道管理，主要跟代理商沟通，传达公司的政策。渠道管理工作也会有MKTG职能，他们实际上是代理商MKTG的直接管理者。2.MKTG面向对象有两个主要方面：一是老板，跟他们汇报市场动向，为老板做市场策略提供支持；另外一个主要服务对象是代理商和销售人员，为他们提供产品和市场导向的支持，比如说制定产品手册、提供产品培训等。MKTG的工作一方面要为老板提供本公司和竞争对手的市场表现，另外一方面要从自己当前策略、现有的产品和资源出发，制定有效的推广策略，包括通过媒体进行消费者沟通、给代理商自己的推广活动提供指导和管理，并提出一些具体促销方案等。

1.marketing-- is "the process of planning and executing the pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods, ideas, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. 2.sales---the act of selling; exchange of property of any kind, or of services, for an agreed sum of money or other valuable consideration marketing是包括购买和销售.针对购买,销售,这个部门的人员要做市场调查,产品开发,制订生产计划,定好价格,做广告宣传和包装等事项sales主要就是销售.在这个部门的员工要有说服人的能力.

sales用法很多，具体看下面。marketing主要指营销，sales主要负责销售。一个公司会有营销部门，也有销售部门，前者负责营销策划，后者负责跑市场这些。高斋翻译Joy分享sell是卖的意思，比如sell sth，sell books卖书sale是固定表达里面使用，比如for sale出售，如The Manor is for sale at a negotiable price.该庄园现在出售，价格可议。on sale出售中或待售，put on sale, go on sale发售，如The new commemorative stamps will be put on sale next week.新的纪念邮票将于下星期发售。，sales是销售额的意思，比如为什么把销售人员说成sales而不是sale高斋翻译Joy的分享：因为我们说salesperson是销售员，a sales assistant售货员，如She got a job as a sales assistant selling handbags.她得到了一份手提包售货员的工作。所以为了读起来简洁就省去了person本文由西外MTI研二学生编辑，Joy润色定稿。取自经济学人18的文章：后无来者——马云长难句分析原文： Last year it boasted sales of $25bn on Singles Day, China"s equivalent of Black Friday when Americans spent a measly $5bn.译文：去年“双十一”当天其平台的销售额高达250亿美元（美国人在“黑色星期五”当天オ花了50亿美元）。一、主句“s+v+o”主干部分解析s:itv: boastedo:sales详解： （1）“Last year”、 “on singles Day”，作句子的时间状语，表明事件发生的时间。微博@高斋翻硕（2）“China"s equivalent of Black Friday when Americans spent a measly $5bn”作为“Singles Day”的同位语成分，用来对其进行补充说明。Singles Day, China"s equivalent of Black Friday：意思就是说双十一等同于美国的黑色星期五（3）翻译思维：一、翻译中小词的使用。根据译文，如果我们将“高达”一词回译成中文的话，可能会翻译成“has”，也可以，但是boast一词表达褒义含义时，意为“拥有...而自豪”，词汇选用轻巧，且将原文的情感态度表现出来；二、增译方法的使用。“ Singles Day”为中国的购物狂欢节，可能许多外国人对此并不是特别熟悉，但在后面运用增译的方法，将其类比成“Black Friday”，则更有助于外国读者的理解。我们在平时做汉英翻译的过程中，也可以运用此种类比句型（sth, China"s equivalent of sth when/where定语从句），简洁，而且增强目的语读者对于特殊文化现象以及术语的理解。（4）boast sales of 销售额高达：有的人可以翻译为its sales reached $25bn on Singles Day ,汉语喜欢把数字放最后强调，比如高达……达到多少，但是，英语里面可以说sth reached...也可以是sb/国家/机构组织 has 数字+名词。二、Singles Day “双十一”三、equivalent of 相当于四、Black Friday “黑色星期五”五、measly 少得可怜；微不足道的 微博@高斋翻硕

sales用法很多，具体看下面。marketing主要指营销，sales主要负责销售。一个公司会有营销部门，也有销售部门，前者负责营销策划，后者负责跑市场这些。高斋翻译Joy分享sell是卖的意思，比如sell sth，sell books卖书sale是固定表达里面使用，比如for sale出售，如The Manor is for sale at a negotiable price.该庄园现在出售，价格可议。on sale出售中或待售，put on sale, go on sale发售，如The new commemorative stamps will be put on sale next week.新的纪念邮票将于下星期发售。，sales是销售额的意思，比如为什么把销售人员说成sales而不是sale高斋翻译Joy的分享：因为我们说salesperson是销售员，a sales assistant售货员，如She got a job as a sales assistant selling handbags.她得到了一份手提包售货员的工作。所以为了读起来简洁就省去了person本文由西外MTI研二学生编辑，Joy润色定稿。取自经济学人18的文章：后无来者——马云长难句分析原文： Last year it boasted sales of $25bn on Singles Day, China"s equivalent of Black Friday when Americans spent a measly $5bn.译文：去年“双十一”当天其平台的销售额高达250亿美元（美国人在“黑色星期五”当天オ花了50亿美元）。一、主句“s+v+o”主干部分解析s:itv: boastedo:sales详解： （1）“Last year”、 “on singles Day”，作句子的时间状语，表明事件发生的时间。微博@高斋翻硕（2）“China"s equivalent of Black Friday when Americans spent a measly $5bn”作为“Singles Day”的同位语成分，用来对其进行补充说明。Singles Day, China"s equivalent of Black Friday：意思就是说双十一等同于美国的黑色星期五（3）翻译思维：一、翻译中小词的使用。根据译文，如果我们将“高达”一词回译成中文的话，可能会翻译成“has”，也可以，但是boast一词表达褒义含义时，意为“拥有...而自豪”，词汇选用轻巧，且将原文的情感态度表现出来；二、增译方法的使用。“ Singles Day”为中国的购物狂欢节，可能许多外国人对此并不是特别熟悉，但在后面运用增译的方法，将其类比成“Black Friday”，则更有助于外国读者的理解。我们在平时做汉英翻译的过程中，也可以运用此种类比句型（sth, China"s equivalent of sth when/where定语从句），简洁，而且增强目的语读者对于特殊文化现象以及术语的理解。（4）boast sales of 销售额高达：有的人可以翻译为its sales reached $25bn on Singles Day ,汉语喜欢把数字放最后强调，比如高达……达到多少，但是，英语里面可以说sth reached...也可以是sb/国家/机构组织 has 数字+名词。二、Singles Day “双十一”三、equivalent of 相当于四、Black Friday “黑色星期五”五、measly 少得可怜；微不足道的 微博@高斋翻硕

sales单纯指“销售”,就是“卖”东西。marketing指“市场”,不光有“销售”,还包括“市场培育”、“公关”等 内容。营销（marketing）和销售（sales）属于不同市场环境下的“市场营销”观念。性质不同。一个形象的比喻是sales 像是军队里的集团军或者野战军，直接接触一线的消费者，直接创造销售额和利润。而 marketing类似于总参谋部，制定全局战略。对军队有些了解的同学应该知道，一般集团军的地位和权利肯定是比总参谋部大的，因为总参的指令要靠一线战士完成，否则就是纸上谈兵。但是有些公司，比如宝洁，联合利华的marketing地位也是相当高的。再打个比喻，销售比较像学生会里的外联部，而市场比较像项目部或者策划部。2.工作内容不同。销售主要负责把产品推销给我们的顾客或者渠道商，每天工作时间不固定（每天可能睡到早上10点，但晚上可能需要陪客户吃饭娱乐什么的），也不需要去公司上班，只需要跑顾客就行。日常的工作主要通过拜访顾客，维护关系和说服对方购买产品来达成目标。市场部主要负责产品定位，产品说明材料和活动策划案撰写，产品市场状况分析。日常的工作主要是写文案，做ppt和excel，以展示和分析市场数据，每天都呆在办公室里。需要强调的是，大公司的市场部不会自己做市场调研或者策划具体的市场活动，大部分都是和agency（专业市场策划公司）合作，所以市场部的人每天要和n个agency联系，监督和沟通项目进度和要求。3. 奖励方式和职业前景不同。销售一般都要背业绩指标，同时收入里很大一部分来自奖金，工资占比有时候不到总收入一半。而市场部更注重团队，每个人不会有那么大的个人压力，当然奖金也比较少，工资占收入主要部分。销售一般是从底层的销售代表做到区域经理，大区经理，大区总监，甚至全国总监。而市场部一般是从产品专员做到产品经理再到好几个产品的市场总监。再说远一点，做销售的人未来比较适合创业，而做市场的人有可能转去做咨询。但更多的情况是销售和市场互转，销售做累了去做市场，市场做得没激情了去做销售。4. 素质要求不同。销售的三大要求是：坚持不懈，善于解决问题和结果导向。为什么要强调善于解决问题，因为坚持不懈是基础，但是碰壁之后必须知道如何调整策略，取得成功，否则只能永远被拒绝。结果导向指的是告诉别人你之前的结果如何，通过采取某个措施后，结果又是如何。一切用结果和事实说话。市场部的三大要求是：关注细节，富有创意和分析能力，有同时处理多件事务的抗压能力以及协调能力（前文提到，你必须同时和N个agency联系，负责N个项目）。其实销售和市场的基础都是沟通能力和学习能力，可是谁都会说自己有很好的沟通学习能力，所以等于没说。上述内容供你参考，希望对你有所帮助。望采纳，谢谢！

市场部经理下面是英语的"工作简介"position:managerofmarketingreportsto:executivedirector;consultationfrommarketingpartner(s)positionresponsibilitiesdirectfirm"soverallmarketingandstrategicplanningprograms,andcorporatecommunications.facilitateclientdevelopmentthroughmarketingandclientservicesprograms.dutiesandresponsibilitiesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:1.design,implement,andfacilitateannualmarketingplanforthefirm.supportandfacilitatedevelopmentandimplementationofsectionbusiness/marketingplans.2.planandadministerthefirm"smarketingoperationsbudget;supportdevelopmentofregionalmarketingbudgets.3.overseethecharitablecontributionsfoundation.4.organizeandimplementclientrelationsincluding:u2022clientsatisfactionsurveysu2022clientdevelopmentactivitiesu2022clientskillstrainingu2022specialevents5.supervisefirm"srfpprotocolprocessincludingsolicitingrfpsfromdesirableprospectiveclientsandwritingproposalsfornewbusiness;participateinplanningandpresentationsessions,whenassigned.6.overseebusinessdevelopmentactivitiesincluding:u2022effortsthroughbusinessdevelopmentcoordinatoru2022assistingattorneysinstrategicplanningforclientpresentations,beautyu2022contests,etc.u2022offercoachingforprospectiveclientmeetings,presentations,etc.u2022workwithregionalofficesondesigningandimplementingprospectingandclientcontactsystems.7.overseecorporatecommunicationsactivitiesthroughcommunicationscoordinatorincluding:u2022externalcommunicationsandsystemsu2022internalcommunicationsandsystemsu2022publicrelationseffortsu2022externalvendorsandconsultants8.developandadministermarketingdatabasewhichincludesclientandprospectinformation,mailinglistapplications,accesstofinancialreports,etc.9.assistwithandsupportfirm"sinvolvementinvariouslegalnetworksincludingcoordinatingbusinessdevelopmentandmarketingactivitiesviatheserelationships.10.designandplanquarterlymarketingtrainingseminarsforattorneys.11.overseefirm"selectronicmarketingeffortsincludingsupervisionofwebsitedesignandmaintenance.12.supervisemarketingassistant,clientservicesadministrator,communicationsmanager,practicedevelopmentmanagerandregionalmarketingmanager(s).makestaffingandhiringdecisionswithinmarketingdepartment.

更新1: 你是否有一份完整的marketing plan可以给我参考?感激万分. 你同我做紧ge野好似 1．ES 简单将成份project的重点讲出。同intro有分别，因为intro只是交代一开头的事情。例如：ES ~This project is to discuss the success of HKDisneyland since it is backed up by an int'l pany...........但系intro系讲现时的情况，例如：The HKDisneyland is now facing growth in the no. of visitors due to..... Table of content (目录） 将你份project入面每一个大point　写出黎。 2．Current mkt situation 而时你做紧那间公司的市场情况，take disney as an example Disney now is suffering from the loss of visitors due to the Ocean park which providing special festival themed parties. In this situation it may loss sales by 20% within 1yr ...... 3. SWOT S~Strengthen 佢有咩强项 eg. Disney is enjoying the economic of scale since it had already built up market share and benifits W~Weaknesses 弱项 eg. Since the HKDisney is *** aller than the Japan Disneyland so it loss its petative advantage. O~Opportunity机会 Since the HK Government is giving a large support for the HK Disneyland it can expand their park size without paying a large amount of rental fee it helps them to explore more customer due to more games. T~Threat危机 Since the Ocean park has started their expension construction. It will enlarge its size by 50% in the ing several years Disney is facing the threat that OP is being its biggest petitor and affecting their sales. 4. Objective 目标 例如你做呢份project目的系咩野，呢个目标要系短期，因为长期的目标叫做goal。例如 The objective of this project is to find out the reason why Disney is getting a rapid decline in sales 5. Mkt Strategy~ 4P Price promition place and product Price~ how to set a price for its product Promotion~in what way can your product be promoted eg TV magazine (remember should focus to ur target market) Place~eg. ur target market is university students then ur place should choose inside Uni campus or the area near to UNI Product~produce what kind of product for our target market. if ur target mkt is uni students u can produce electronic dictionary or notebook puters Marketing Plan is a written document that details the actions necessary to achieve a specified marketing objective(s). It can be for a product or service a brand or a product line. It can cover one year (referred to as an annual marketing plan) or cover up to 5 years. A marketing plan may be part of an overall business plan. Solid marketing strategy is the foundation of a well-written marketing plan. While a marketing plan contains a list of actions a marketing plan without a sound strategic foundation is of little use. There are many formats for marketings pl and every pany does it a little differently but the outline that follows is a very plete format. Using this format will produce a 30 to 40 page plan. Many panies prefer an abridged format that would yield a 10 to 20 page plan. Title page 1) Executive Summary Current Situation - Macroenvironment economy legal ernment technology ecological sociocultural supply chain 2) Current Situation - Market Analysis market definition market size market segmentation industry structure and strategic groupings Porter 5 forces *** ysis petition and market share petitors' strengths and weaknesses market trends 3) Current Situation - Consumer Analysis nature of the buying decision participants demographics psychographics buyer motivation and expectations loyalty segments 4) Current Situation - Internal pany resources financial people time skills objectives mission statement and vision statement corporate objectives financial objective marketing objectives long term objectives corporate culture 5) Summary of Situation Analysis external threats external opportunities internal strengths internal weaknesses key success factors in the industry our sustainable petitive advantage Marketing research information requirements research methodology research results Marketing Strategy - Product product mix product strengths and weaknesses perceptual mapping product life cycle management and new product development Brand name brand image and brand equity the augmented product product portfolio *** ysis B.C.G. Analysis contribution margin *** ysis G.E. Multi Factoral *** ysis Quality Function Deployment 6) Marketing Strategy - Market share objectives by products by customer segments by geographical markets 7) Marketing Strategy - Price pricing objectives pricing method (eg.: cost plus demand based or petitor indexing) pricing strategy (eg.: skimming or peration) discounts and allowances price elasticity and customer sensitivity price zoning break even *** ysis at various prices 8) Marketing Strategy - promotion promotional goals promotional mix advertising reach frequency flights theme and media sales force requirements techniques and management sales promotion publicity and public relations electronic promotion (eg.: Web or telephone) 9) Marketing Strategy - Distribution geographical coverage distribution channels physical distribution and logistics electronic distribution Implementation personnel requirements assign responsibilities give incentives training on selling methods financial requirements management information systems requirements month-by-month agenda PERT or critical path *** ysis monitoring results and benchmarks adjustment mechani *** contingencies (What if's) 10) Financial Summary assumptions pro-forma monthly ine statement contribution margin *** ysis breakeven *** ysis Monte Carlo method ISI: Inter Strategic Intelligence Scenarios Prediction of Future Scenarios Plan of Action for each Scenario Appendix pictures and specifications of the new product results from research already pleted

Summary and Further Reading on Marketing Plan When making a marketing plan,it is important to know and state the timescale you are working with.Are you making a long term plan,a short term plan,or something in between?You may also find that some areas of your marketing plan are short term,while others will work in the long term. A business that deals with new technology may need to update their marketing plans every 3-6 months,where as a business in an established and stable industry might only need to update their plan every other year. Your targets and objectives need to be based on a realistic timescale,there is little point making a target of 400% sales growth in 2 months when you know that is impossible.Set realistic but challenging targets over an accurate timescale. Summary * A marketing plan is in addition to a standard business plan. * A marketing plan helps set realistic objectives for your business,and helps make sure that the business is focused on the most important areas of marketing. * A marketing plan can help in obtaining finance by demonstrating that the business has been thoroughly planned. * A plan should look at each of the important areas and have realistic objectives for the short,medium,or long term. * Looking at the prices of your products should take into account both consumers and petitors products. * Looking at the locations of your products should take into account where the product is sold as well as the distribution methods used to get there. * You should firmly know the unique selling points of your business and its products. * Sales of one product may help increase sales of another product; you should look at how this can be achieved. * If your product is seasonal,look at introducing a new or modified product to sell during the slower months. * Both the budgets and message of your advertising and public relations should be reviewed regularly to ensure best results. * Word of mouth is free marketing!Look at how you can encourage it. * Special offers and petitions can increase interest in your product and convert possible buyers into sales.Look at how you can maximise this. * In a SWOT,Strengths and Weaknesses are internal,while Opportunities and Threats are external.Each point should be written down briefly to provide a quick overview of the status of your business and its market(s). * A marketing plan should have a timescale relevant to the nature of your business,although different areas of the plan may have different timescales. SWOT Analysis in a Marketing Plan SWOT This is a monly used form of marketing *** ysis.It looks at both your business and the external environment to anticipate possible future action you may need to take to defend or expand your market position. SWOT stands for Strengths; Weaknesses; Opportunities; and Threats. (i) Strengths Here you should list the main strengths of your business and products/services.This should include not only the areas that your business or products are good at,but also high profit margins,successful current marketing campaigns and similar strengths.e.g.Our business has a reputation for excellent quality customer service. Strengths are internal factors,and are usually related to your business only. (ii) Weaknesses Here you should list the main weaknesses of your business and products/services.This should include the areas that you feel your business could improve on,or are limiting your quality or expansion.e.g.Our slow production speed makes it difficult for us to meet shipment dates effectively. Weaknesses are internal factors,and are usually related to your business only. (iii) Opportunities Here you should list what you believe to be the best opportunities available in your market,or new markets you believe your business can succeed in.e.g.Gap in market for *** aller versions of our products. Remember,a weakness may be an opportunity in disguise!e.g.If we fix the weakness in our manufacturing speed whilst maintaining quality,we have an opportunity to offer faster delivery to our customers. Opportunities are almost always external,although they may rely on internal strengths.e.g.An opportunity is available by advertising our strengths in quality of service. (iv) Threats Here you should list what you believe to be the biggest threats to your business.This could include petitors,government regulations,changes in customer attitudes and other such areas.e.g.Our petitors are planning to launch a big new product in the next 6 months. Threats are almost always external,although they may rely on internal weaknesses or external factors that limit your strengths.e.g.If our petitors lower their prices and we match them,we may be left with an unprofitable product.,2,

marketing calendar营销日历例句:1.The expectation of the so-called new year rally has been a mainstay of the annual marketing calendar for fund management companies for many years, and new fund launches are often scheduled for the festive period. 多年来，在基金管理公司的年度营销计划中，对所谓“新年行情”的预期一直是宣传主调，而新基金的发行也常常选在春节期间。

直接去chinahr或者51job上边找个相关职位的要求好了

不知道

营业毛利（商业企业商品销售收入减去商品原进购价后的余额）

市场营销

计划，策略。中文想想什么意思吧，计划应该是已经制定好的各种细节具体实施的东西，策略只是一个概念

Summary and Further Reading on Marketing Plan When making a marketing plan,it is important to know and state the timescale you are working with.Are you making a long term plan,a short term plan,or something in between?You may also find that some areas of your marketing plan are short term,while others will work in the long term. A business that deals with new technology may need to update their marketing plans every 3-6 months,where as a business in an established and stable industry might only need to update their plan every other year. Your targets and objectives need to be based on a realistic timescale,there is little point making a target of 400% sales growth in 2 months when you know that is impossible.Set realistic but challenging targets over an accurate timescale. Summary * A marketing plan is in addition to a standard business plan. * A marketing plan helps set realistic objectives for your business,and helps make sure that the business is focused on the most important areas of marketing. * A marketing plan can help in obtaining finance by demonstrating that the business has been thoroughly planned. * A plan should look at each of the important areas and have realistic objectives for the short,medium,or long term. * Looking at the prices of your products should take into account both consumers and petitors products. * Looking at the locations of your products should take into account where the product is sold as well as the distribution methods used to get there. * You should firmly know the unique selling points of your business and its products. * Sales of one product may help increase sales of another product; you should look at how this can be achieved. * If your product is seasonal,look at introducing a new or modified product to sell during the slower months. * Both the budgets and message of your advertising and public relations should be reviewed regularly to ensure best results. * Word of mouth is free marketing!Look at how you can encourage it. * Special offers and petitions can increase interest in your product and convert possible buyers into sales.Look at how you can maximise this. * In a SWOT,Strengths and Weaknesses are internal,while Opportunities and Threats are external.Each point should be written down briefly to provide a quick overview of the status of your business and its market(s). * A marketing plan should have a timescale relevant to the nature of your business,although different areas of the plan may have different timescales. SWOT Analysis in a Marketing Plan SWOT This is a monly used form of marketing *** ysis.It looks at both your business and the external environment to anticipate possible future action you may need to take to defend or expand your market position. SWOT stands for Strengths; Weaknesses; Opportunities; and Threats. (i) Strengths Here you should list the main strengths of your business and products/services.This should include not only the areas that your business or products are good at,but also high profit margins,successful current marketing campaigns and similar strengths.e.g.Our business has a reputation for excellent quality customer service. Strengths are internal factors,and are usually related to your business only. (ii) Weaknesses Here you should list the main weaknesses of your business and products/services.This should include the areas that you feel your business could improve on,or are limiting your quality or expansion.e.g.Our slow production speed makes it difficult for us to meet shipment dates effectively. Weaknesses are internal factors,and are usually related to your business only. (iii) Opportunities Here you should list what you believe to be the best opportunities available in your market,or new markets you believe your business can succeed in.e.g.Gap in market for *** aller versions of our products. Remember,a weakness may be an opportunity in disguise!e.g.If we fix the weakness in our manufacturing speed whilst maintaining quality,we have an opportunity to offer faster delivery to our customers. Opportunities are almost always external,although they may rely on internal strengths.e.g.An opportunity is available by advertising our strengths in quality of service. (iv) Threats Here you should list what you believe to be the biggest threats to your business.This could include petitors,government regulations,changes in customer attitudes and other such areas.e.g.Our petitors are planning to launch a big new product in the next 6 months. Threats are almost always external,although they may rely on internal weaknesses or external factors that limit your strengths.e.g.If our petitors lower their prices and we match them,we may be left with an unprofitable product.

Marketing Mix 市场营销组合四要素是product , pricing, distribution channels, promotions产品, 价格,分销渠道,促销Distribution和promotion分别是分销和促销分销是指分布式管道式销售，在空间上铺开促销是指使用广告、让价、包装、服务等方法促进销量

网络营销（cybermarketing，online marketing），“cyber”一词在字典中的解释为“控制复杂系统的科学”，而在实际应用中，其含意还演化为电脑和通讯实现交汇的无形“空间”。网络营销则是借助联机网络、电脑通信和数字交互式媒体的威力来实现营销目标。 网络营销的产生，是科技发展、消费者价值变革、商业竞争等综合因素所促成的。 网络营销产生的技术基础 现代电子技术和通信技术的应用与发展是网络营销产生的技术基础。 我们现在正走进电脑发展的第四个阶段：网络时代（Network Age）。 最初是主机（mainframe）时期，接下来是微型电脑（minicomputer）时期，再以后是个人电脑（personal computer）时期。这几个时期都有其各自的特征：主机时期要穿白大褂，微机时代是团体工作，个人电脑时代单调枯燥，而网络时代则很“酷”（cool）。 距离第一台计算机（1946年2月14日，世界上第一台计算机“埃尼克”在美国宾夕法尼亚大学启动）刚刚启动23年后之后，网络降临在了人间。1969年11月21日中午，6名科学家聚会加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的计算机实验室，观看这里的一台计算机与远在千里之外的斯坦福研究所的另一台计算机联通。 这是一个历史性的时刻，可惜当时没有一个新闻记者拍下珍贵的照片，正像20年以后《时代》周刊激动而又遗憾地评论道：这些研制者根本没有想到，他们不只是连接了两台计算机，而宣告了网络世界的到来。也正如《连线》杂志所描述的那样，数字化一下子就变得时髦起来了。 国际互联网络是一种集通信技术、信息技术、计算机技术为一体的网络系统。简单地说，Internet就是众多计算机及其网络，通过电话线、光缆、通信卫星等连接而成的一个计算机网。它将入网的不同类型的网络和不同机型的计算机互联起来，构成一个整体，从而实现了网上资源的共享和网络信息的共享。Internet是目前计算机之间进行信息交换和资源共享的最佳方式。 早期的Internet主要用于军事。60年代美国国防部开始研究计算机网络通信的最佳方案，当时连接了不同地区的四台计算机。后来美国高级研究规划署（ARPA）开发研究了TCP/IP网络传输协议，并于1982年被确定为标准网络传输协议。这一协议的诞生，大大方便了各种平台、网络、大型机、中型机、小型机、微机的加入，实现了网上用户信息资源的共享，对网络的发展起了重大作用。