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在MySQL中创建一个Schema好像就跟创建一个Database是一样的效果，在SQLServer和Orcal数据库中好像又不一样.目前我只能理解，在mysql中schema<==>database。数据库中User和Schema的关系假如我们想了解数据库中的User和Schema究竟是什么关系，首先必须了解一下数据库中User和Schema到底是什么概念。在SQLServer2000中，由于架构的原因，User和Schema总有一层隐含的关系，让我们很少意识到其实User和Schema是两种完全不同的概念，不过在SQLServer2005中这种架构被打破了，User和Schema也被分开了。首先我来做一个比喻，什么是Database，什么是Schema，什么是Table，什么是列，什么是行，什么是User？我们可以可以把Database看作是一个大仓库，仓库分了很多很多的房间，Schema就是其中的房间，一个Schema代表一个房间，Table可以看作是每个Schema中的床，Table（床）就被放入每个房间中，不能放置在房间之外，那岂不是晚上睡觉无家可归了J。，然后床上可以放置很多物品，就好比Table上可以放置很多列和行一样，数据库中存储数据的基本单元是Table，现实中每个仓库放置物品的基本单位就是床，User就是每个Schema的主人，（所以Schema包含的是Object，而不是User），其实User是对应与数据库的（即User是每个对应数据库的主人），既然有操作数据库（仓库）的权利，就肯定有操作数据库中每个Schema（房间）的权利，就是说每个数据库映射的User有每个Schema（房间）的钥匙，换句话说，如果他是某个仓库的主人，那么这个仓库的使用权和仓库中的所有东西都是他的（包括房间），他有完全的操作权，可以扔掉不用的东西从每个房间，也可以放置一些有用的东西到某一个房间，呵呵，和现实也太相似了吧。我还可以给User分配具体的权限，也就是他到某一个房间能做些什么，是只能看（Read-Only），还是可以像主人一样有所有的控制权（R/W），这个就要看这个User所对应的角色Role了，至于分配权限的问题，我留在以后单独的blog中详述。比喻到这里，相信大家都清楚了吧。

syphilisn. 梅毒stroken中风满意请采纳：）！欢迎追问。

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梅毒是一种经典性性病。据医史学家考证，梅毒起源于美洲，15世纪哥伦布发现新大陆后，通过海员和士兵使梅毒在欧亚两洲迅速传播。16世纪以前，我国尚无梅毒的记载。大约于1505年，梅毒由印度传入我国广东岭南一带，当时称“广东疮”、“杨梅疮”，此后梅毒向内地传播。古人陈司成著《霉疮秘录》是我国第一部论述梅毒最完美的专著，明代李时珍著《本草纲目》详细记载了梅毒流行情况。梅毒最早是由葡萄牙人在16世纪时带入我国的，古代称花柳病、杨梅疮、霉疮、秽疮等。建国以后，梅毒在我国曾一度被消灭，近年来，随着对外交流的日益频繁，梅毒的发病率也呈上升趋势。 梅毒由梅毒螺旋体（苍白螺旋体）引起，患病后病程漫长，早期侵犯生殖器和皮肤，晚期侵犯全身各器官，并生多种多样的症状和体征，病变几乎能累及全身各个脏器。梅毒通过性行为可以在人群中相互传播，并可以由母亲传染给胎儿，危及下一代。极少数患者通过接吻、哺乳、接有传染性损害病人的日常用品而传染。在性传播疾病中，梅毒的患病人数是低的，但由于其病程长，危害性大，应予重视。 梅毒是人类的传染病，动物体内不存在梅毒螺旋体，因此梅毒患者是本病的唯一传染源。在梅毒的传播过程中，通过性行为感染者约占95%，极少数病人是通过接触患者的分泌物，或密切的生活接触、输血、哺乳等途径染病的。一般认为发生妊娠4个月以后，梅毒偶可通过接触了患者用过的日常用品而受染。接吻、哺乳和婴儿出生时经产道等均可感染。另外可通过衣服、毛巾、剃须刀、餐具、烟嘴、被褥、床单、门把、坐式便器和医疗器械等感染。早期梅毒患者其病灶处的分泌物中含有大量梅毒螺旋体，因此传染性最强。通过性生活，这些分泌物中的病原体能直接传染给对方。由于人体对梅毒病无先天免疫力，因此极少量的梅毒螺旋体就能引起对方患病。另外，患梅毒的孕妇可以通过胎盘将病原体传给胎儿，导致胎儿的先天性梅毒。先天性梅毒是指它可通过胎内感染引起小儿梅毒，一般妊娠9周胎儿就能被感染。梅毒可引起小儿全身各器官和组织的损害，造成功能障碍或死亡。先天梅毒的预防主要是母亲使用足量的青霉素治愈后方可妊娠。 一般来讲，患梅毒的最初1～2年内传染性较强，一期、二期的梅毒患者都具有传染性，她们的皮肤粘膜损害处有大量的梅毒螺旋体存在；潜伏早期的梅毒患者也有传染性。随着病期的延长，梅毒的传染性也逐渐减小，病程超过2年以上时，梅毒的传染性会逐渐减弱，即使与未经过治疗的病程在2年以上的梅毒妇女有性接触，一般也不会被传染。病程超过8年者，其传染性已经极小。人体对梅毒没有先天免疫力，只有在体内有梅毒螺旋体存在时才能产生对此病的免疫力。一旦治疗后梅毒螺旋体从体内消失，免疫力也随之消失，再遇到梅毒螺旋体感染时，仍然会患梅毒病。 梅毒螺旋体(Tre-ponema palidum)1905年由法国科学家Schaudinn 与Hoffmanu发现并报告的。梅毒螺旋体（如图）是小而纤细的螺旋状微生物，长度为5-20nm，平均约8-10um，直径小于0.2nm，有6—12个螺旋；肉眼看不到，在光镜暗视野下，人们仅能看到梅毒螺旋体的折光性，其活动较强。在其前端有4-6根鞭毛样细纤维束，其末端呈卷曲状。在未受外界因素的影响时，螺旋是规则的。因其透明不易着色，又称之为苍白螺旋体。梅毒螺旋体是厌氧菌，在体内可长期生存繁殖，只要条件适宜，便以横断裂方式一分为二的进行繁殖。梅毒螺旋体对外界的抵抗力很弱，对化学药品也很敏感，在体外不易生存，煮沸、干燥、肥皂水和一般的消毒剂(如升汞、石碳酸、来苏水、酒精、1∶1000的高锰酸钾液等)很容易将它杀死，阳光照射和干燥环境都能很快使它死亡。梅毒螺旋体在人体外生存一般超不过1～2个小时。在缺氧的环境下它能生存数天，在潮湿的衣服上也能存活数小时，在血库中一般能存活24小时。梅毒螺旋体不耐高温，40℃～60℃时2～3分钟就能死亡，100℃时则即刻死亡。可以针对其弱点将梅毒螺旋体消灭。如将衣物放于阳光下曝晒，放在干燥的环境中储存；将用具煮沸消毒或用化学用品消毒，都能杀灭梅毒螺旋体，阻止它的传播。 根据梅毒感染途经的不同可分为后天梅毒(获得性梅毒)和先天梅毒(胎传梅毒)。其中获得性梅毒根据病变发展的不同阶段又能分为早期梅毒(包括一期梅毒和二期梅毒)和晚期梅毒(即三期梅毒)。 一期梅毒(Primary syphilis)的主要特点为外阴部出现的无痛性下疳(硬下疳hard chancre)。性交后，梅毒进入体内，先在局部增殖，引起炎症性浸润，然后进入淋巴管，数小时内即可浸入附近的淋巴结，进入血行，几十小时后即能在骨髓、脾脏、睾丸等处出现，很快遍及全身各处。一般在不洁性交后10～60天，平均为21天发病。开始时在外阴部出现一暗红色斑丘疹或米粒大小红斑，以后隆起，形成豆大至指头大硬结，继之丘疹表面糜烂，形成表浅的溃疡，有浆液性渗出。这种溃疡一般直径在1～2厘米之间，单发，圆形或椭圆形，稍高出皮面，边界整齐清楚，边缘凸起，质硬坚实，因此称硬下疳，又叫初疮（如图）。溃疡的基底部清洁无脓液，可有少量浆液性渗出，渗出物少，渗出物中含有大量的梅毒螺旋体。渗出物印片暗视野显微镜检查可见多数螺旋体。男性硬下疳主要在包皮、冠状沟、系带及龟头上；同性恋男性常见于肛门、肛管或直肠。女性硬下疳的好发部位在大阴唇、小阴唇，阴蒂，阴道前庭，子宫颈等处，发生于这些部位者占95%以上，肛门、口唇、乳房等部位有时也会发生。初疮是梅毒螺旋体感染人体后最早的皮肤损害，它发生的部位就是梅毒螺旋体侵入的部位。接受不足量的抗梅治疗或外用药治疗，可见到不典型的硬下疳。硬下疳无痒无疼痛感，也无触痛，质硬如软骨，损害表面清洁，不经治疗3～8周内可自愈，不留疤痕或遗留浅表性疤痕、轻度萎缩性疤或色素沉着。但这并不意味着梅毒已痊愈，而是处在进入第二期梅毒的潜伏期阶段，经过一段时间将进入二期梅毒。若此期能得到及时诊断和充分治疗，可迅速达到彻底治愈的目的，一般愈后情况良好。硬下疳初期，大部分病人的梅毒血清反应呈阳性，以后阳性率逐渐增高，硬下疳出现7-8周后，全部病人血清反应为阳性。 常伴有腹股沟淋巴结的无痛性肿大。硬下疳出现后数天，一侧腹股沟淋巴结肿大，以后另一侧也肿大。这些淋巴结的特点为：①如手指头大小，较硬，彼此散在不融合；②无疼痛与压痛；③表面皮肤无红、肿、热等炎症现象；④不化脓；⑤穿刺液中含有螺旋体。表面常呈肉红。此期的传染性极强。 梅毒螺旋体由硬下疳附近的淋巴结进入血液传播到全身，一般发生传染后2-3个月或硬下疳消失后6～8周将进入二期梅毒。这时的梅毒螺旋体已经经血循环播散到几乎全身各组织器官，出现全身性梅毒疹，并可引起关节损害、眼病变、中枢神经系统损害等。二期梅毒是梅毒病程中最活跃的阶段，传染性强。 二期梅毒的症状： (1)皮肤粘膜的损害：80%～95%的病人可以出现。发疹前常有头痛、发热、咽痛、全身不适、肌肉和关节酸痛、厌食等轻重不同的全身症状。广泛发生于全身的梅毒疹数目很多，躯干、四肢、面部、掌跖部等许多部位都可以稠密出现。皮疹的形态多种多样（玫瑰色斑疹、斑丘疹、丘疹、鳞尿性丘疹，少见毛囊炎样或蛎壳样损害等），自觉症状轻微，呈全身性对称分布，无融合倾向、境界清楚、呈铜红色、一般不痒或偶有轻微瘙痒，不痛。血清反应呈强阳性。在发疹期间还会伴有全身浅表淋巴结的无痛性肿大。 疹子形态主要有以下几种： 班疹型：本型常见。主要分在躯干、四肢近端内侧。皮疹大小不等，多为1-4厘米直径大小的红斑，常为椭圆或圆形，铜红色，境界清楚，可自然消退。 丘疹型：此型易常见。疹子约米粒、黄豆到指甲大小，坚实，浸润明显，呈铜红色，境界清楚，有的表面有鳞屑，类似银屑病，躯干、四肢的屈则及掌跖等多见。 脓疮型：本型少见。多发生在身体虚弱的病人，全身症状较重。皮疹表现类似痤疮、痘疮样、蛎壳样及深脓疱疹样，愈后遗留疤痕。 扁平湿疣型：发生于肛门周围及外阴部的皮疹多是扁平湿疣或湿丘疹。扁平湿疣属于湿丘疹型梅毒疹。好发于皮肤粘膜交界处或皮肤易摩擦的部位，如大小阴唇间、肛周、肛周边、包皮内、股内侧、腋窝、乳房下等。湿丘疹互相融合，呈隆起表面平坦，有时呈疣状或乳头状，表面湿烂，大量渗出液内含有梅毒螺旋体。 脱发型：常发生于颞颥部头皮毛囊周围，出现中心蛀脱落的“鼠咬（虫蚀）状”脱发，弥漫性少见。 梅毒性白斑：有色素消失，可持续数日。梅毒性白斑是口腔、咽喉、生殖器等部位的粘膜损害，外观似口腔念珠菌引起的鹅口疮，为稍隆起的卵圆形损害，上覆灰白色膜，周围有红晕，揭去白膜后基底发红，不出血。 粘膜损害：一种是粘膜红肿，另一种是粘膜呈线糜烂状，有渗出物凝结其表面形成灰白色的粘膜斑。粘膜疹的机会亦多，称粘膜斑，多见于口腔，也可见于阴道粘膜，含大量螺旋体。 (2)骨关节损害：常发生骨膜炎和关节炎。由于梅毒螺旋体侵犯了骨骼及骨关节引起的，无明显炎症现象。本期特点为在晚上和静止休息时疼痛加重，而白天及活动时较轻。多发生于四肢的长骨，亦可发生于骨骼肌的附着点处，如尺骨鹰嘴、髂骨嵴及乳突。在初次接受治疗时有增剧反应。 (3)二期眼梅毒：可以引起虹膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎、视网膜炎、脉络膜炎、视神经炎等多种眼疾病。 (4)中枢神经系统损害：多为无症状性神经梅毒，虽无症状，但脑脊液有异常变化，如蛋白增多，淋巴细胞数增加，脑脊液VDRL试验阳性，胶体金曲线异常等。极少数人有脑膜炎症状、颅神经麻痹、脑血管梅毒及脑膜血管梅毒等。 二期梅毒患者的皮疹即使不经治疗，也能在数周或2～3个月自行消退。因治疗不彻底、治疗用药剂量不足或病人免疫力下降，约1/4的病人症状消退后可再复发，为二期复发梅毒（如图），一般在感染后1～2年内发生。可有皮肤粘膜、眼、骨及内脏损害复发，最常见者为皮肤粘膜复发，其损害与二期梅毒大体相似，但皮疹数目较少，分布比较局限，群集的倾向较二期时更为明显，破坏性较大，好发于肛周、脐窝、腋窝、阴部、及掌部。血清复发最为多见。血清复发是其它复发的先兆。血清复发时，可无其他症状，而有其它复发时，通常先有血清复发。 总之，二期梅毒的主要表现可以概括为三个特点：类感冒症状、梅毒疹和全身淋巴结肿大。患梅毒疹时由于无明显痛苦，常易被患者忽略。临床上如见到分布广泛、对称，而自觉症状轻微的皮疹时，就要详细询问病史，以免漏诊。二期梅毒疹表面梅毒螺旋体很多，因此传染性也最强。 三期梅毒又称晚期梅毒，多为早期梅毒未经治疗或治疗不彻底发展而成。可发生在感染后2年以上，一般多发于感染后3～4年。病程漫长，可持续10～30年。未经治愈的二期梅毒中约有1/3的病人可发展为晚期活动性梅毒；另有一部分患者不出现晚期梅毒症状，只是梅毒血清反应持续阳性，为晚期潜伏梅毒；也有一部分患者可以自愈。 病变除损害皮肤粘膜引起梅毒性结节、树胶肿、近关节结节等病症外，还能侵犯神经系统、心血管以及各内脏、骨骼等，导致晚期心血管梅毒、骨梅毒、内脏梅毒、眼梅毒，以及麻痹性痴呆、脑膜血管梅毒、脊髓痨等神经系统梅毒病。典型的表现为结节性皮疹或粘膜，骨骼树胶肿，少数发生虹膜睫状体炎、视图膜炎、角膜炎等。约有15%的患者侵犯皮肤、软组织及骨骼，有10%-25%侵犯心血管，10%侵犯神经系统，可引起脑实质病毒可表现为麻疹性痴呆。脊髓痨，视神经受侵犯时可引起神经萎缩。可造成残废，病情严重者可以危及生命。 晚期梅毒的传染性减弱。 先天梅毒(胎传梅毒)：梅毒螺旋体通过胎盘母亲血清使子宫内胎儿感染。分为两期： 1)早期先天梅毒：年龄小于2岁，如早期先天梅毒及早期潜伏梅毒。 2)晚期先天梅毒：年龄大于2岁，如晚期先天梅毒及晚期潜伏梅毒。 主要临床症状表现： 一、永久性标记，为早期病变所遗留，已无活动性，但是待犯性。 二、仍有活动性损害所致的临床表现：常见有实质性角膜炎、神经性耳聋、肝脾肿大、树胶肿、骨膜炎等。 主要靠实验室诊断，梅毒血清学试验，脑脊液检查。 未经治疗的梅毒妇女，如果病期已超过4年，虽然通过性接触已无传染性，但妊娠仍可传给胎儿，病期越长，传染性越小。有学者认为，患早期(一期、二期)梅毒的母亲，若不进行治疗，有一半婴儿将发生胎传梅毒，另一半为死产或产后不久即死亡；未经治疗的早期潜伏梅毒的母亲，其婴儿20%为正常或健康的，20%为死亡；40%为胎传梅毒；未经治疗的晚期梅毒的母亲其婴儿70%可以是正常或健康的，10%为胎传梅毒，其余可以是死产或早产儿。早期先天梅毒的临床现为常出现于产后第2-6周，有流涕、鼻塞、口腔粘膜损害。常有较严重的内脏损害，死亡率较高。患早期先天性梅毒的婴儿，一般都有营养不良，皮肤皱纹多，严重者呈老人样面容。另有贫血与肝、脾肿大。 隐性梅毒又称潜伏梅毒。患者虽未经治疗或治疗剂量不足，但临床症状和体征消失，只是梅毒血清学反应仍为阳性，而患者并无可以引起血清学反应假阳性的其他疾病，脑脊液检查也正常。 感染后病程在2年以内者为早期潜伏梅毒，在2年以上者则为晚期潜伏梅毒。早期潜伏梅毒仍有传染性，至潜伏晚期其传染性消失，但对于孕妇，患者的梅毒螺旋体仍可以通过胎盘传给胎儿。隐性梅毒不经治疗，30%的患者将发生晚期梅毒。 [临床表现及诊断要点] 1．一期梅毒(硬下疳) 1)有不洁性交、嫖娼、配偶感染史或同性恋史。 2)潜伏期2—4周。 3)主要表现为硬下疳，常为单个、无痛无痒、境界清楚、直径1—2Cm大小、触之如软骨样硬度，表面可糜烂或浅溃疡，渗出物中有大量的梅毒螺旋体。 4)常发生在外生殖器部位，如男性的冠状沟，龟头，系带及包皮，女性的大阴唇，小阴唇，宫颈等部位，男性同性恋者可发生在肛周及直肠、偶见于唇、咽等处。 5)局部淋巴结肿大，单侧或双侧。 6)不经治疗3—8周内硬下溶可自然消失，不留痕迹或仅留轻度萎缩性疤。 7)分泌物涂片作暗视野显微镜检查，可见多数活动的螺旋体。梅毒血精试验：硬下疳早期阴性，7—8周后大部分患者呈阳性结果。 2．二期梅毒 1)多在初次感染后8—10周或出现硬下疳后6—8周发病。 2)主要表现为皮肤粘膜损害，可出现骨膜炎，关节痛等骨关节损害，虹膜炎，视神经炎等眼损害，偶见脑膜炎等神经损害。 3)皮疹形态多种多样，如斑疹、斑丘疹、丘疹、脓疱疹、鳞屑性皮损等，常泛发、对称分布。发生在掌跖的棕铜色脱屑性斑丘疹具有特征性。 4)粘膜损害可见于口腔、咽、喉、生殖器粘膜，为红肿及糜烂，在肛周，外生殖器周围可发生扁平湿疣，粘膜损害内有大量梅毒螺旋体。 5)头皮可见虫蚀状的脱发，发颞部常见。 6)全身浅表淋巴结肿大。 7)粘膜损害及扁平湿疣的分泌物涂片作暗视野显微镜检查，可见多数活动的螺旋体，梅毒血清试验呈强阳性。 二期复发梅毒：二期梅毒未经治疗或治疗不彻底的思者，当病人抵抗力下降力时，二期损害消退后重新出现，称为二期复发梅毒，如不治疗，可多次反复，此疹基本同二期梅毒疹，但其数目减少，分布限局。 3．三期梅毒(晚期梅毒) 1)有不洁性生活或配偶感染史，早期梅毒史可有可无。 2)皮肤粘膜梅毒 结节性梅毒疹：常见于前额，四肢及肩胛等处，为多数皮下小结切，呈环状排列，可自然消退，遗留萎缩性斑。 树胶样肿：初为皮下小硬结，渐增大并与皮肤粘连，形成浸润性斑块，中心破溃形成溃疡，好发于头面及小腿等处。当侵及上腭及鼻中隔粘膜，可造成鼻中隔穿孔及马鞍鼻。 3)心血管梅毒：在感染10—20余年后发生，可引起梅毒性主动脉炎，主动脉瓣闭锁不全，主动脉瘤等。 4)神经梅毒：感染5—15年后发生，可引起梅毒性脑膜炎，脊髓痨及麻痹性痴呆等，亦可有脑脊液异常变化，而无神经系统症状。 5)其它脏器：如骨骼、眼、呼吸、消化及泌尿系统均可受侵。 6)梅毒血清试验大部分阳性，有少数亦可阴性。 脑脊液白细胞增多，生化检查异常，梅毒抗体试验阳性。 4．潜伏梅毒 有感染史，未经治疗或治疗不充分，无临床症状和体征，但梅毒血清反应阳性，除外了其他可以引起梅毒血清反应阳性的疾病，脑脊液检查阴性，可诊断为潜伏梅毒，病期小于2年者称早期潜伏梅毒，大于2年者称晚期潜伏梅毒。 5．早期先天梅毒 1)生母患有梅毒。 2)多在生后3周出现临床症状。 3)早期表现为鼻炎、咽喉炎症状，因鼻塞可造成哺乳困难。 4)皮肤表现多样，如斑丘疹鳞屑性损害、水疱及大疱及大疱性损害、扁平湿疣样损害，口角，肛周可发生线状皲裂性损害，皮肤干皱如老人，可伴脱发、甲沟炎、甲床炎。口腔内有粘膜斑。 5)患儿瘦小，浅表淋巴线肿大，肝脾也肿大，常有骨软骨炎及骨膜炎。 6)皮肤粘膜损害的分泌物，鼻分泌物，脐带血涂片作暗视野显微镜检查，可见到螺旋体，梅毒血清试验阳性。 6．晚期先天梅毒 多发生在儿童及青春期，患儿有梅毒齿(半月形门齿)、实质性角膜炎及神经性耳聋三联征，具特征性。皮肤粘膜损害与后天三期梅毒相似，还可出现骨膜炎，肝脾肿大等活动性损害。 7．先天潜伏梅毒 先天梅毒未经治疗，无临床症状，梅毒血清反应阳性者称先天潜伏梅毒。 [梅毒血清试验] 1．非梅毒螺旋体抗原血清试验：用心磷脂做抗原，检查血清中的抗心磷脂脂抗体，即反应素，属于这一类的试验的VDRL试验，UST试验及RPR试验，这些试验方法简便，易于推广，是临床常用的常规试验，也可在大规模普查时用，此外这些试验均可作定量测定，可用于观察疗效，判断是否复发及再感染，但应注意由于试验用的抗原是非特异性的，因而容易出现假阳性结果，一些传染病如病毒性肝炎，麻疹，上呼吸道感染，活动性肺结核，自身免疫病时均可出现假阳性结果，但血清反应的滴度低，持续时间一般较短。 2．梅毒螺旋体特异性抗原血清试验：用活的或死的梅毒螺旋体或其成份来测抗螺旋体抗体，属于这一类的试验有荧光螺旋体吸收试验；梅毒螺旋体血凝试验：这类试验的特异性强，可用作证实试验，但不能用作观察疗效，判断复发及再感染。 [治疗] 原则：一经确诊应早期、足量、规则用药治疗，疗后定期随访。 治疗期间不应有性生活。 性伴侣同时接受治疗。 治疗梅毒要按照及早治疗、足量用药的原则进行。在治疗期间，患者要注意休息，加强营养，避免性生活。 青霉素为治疗梅毒的首选药。 根据中国卫生部卫生防疫司《性病防治手册》制定的治疗方案，具体方法如下： 1．早期梅毒(一期、二期、早期潜伏梅毒) 1)青毒素 普鲁卡因青霉素G：80万单位，每日一次肌注，连续10—15天，总量800一1200万单位。 苄星青霉素G(长效西林)：240万单位，分两测臀部肌注，每周一次，共2—3次。或240万单位一次一周总量为480万。 2)对青霉素过敏者 红霉素：500mg/day,4次一天，连续30天。 强力霉素：100mg每日2次口服连续30天。 2．晚期梅毒(包括三期梅毒，二期复发梅毒及晚期潜伏梅毒) 1)青霉素 普卡因青霉素G：80万单位，每日一次肌注，连续15天，总量1200万单位。间隔2周给第二疗程，总量2400万单位。苄星青霉素G：240万单位，每周—次肌注共3次。 2)青霉素过敏者 四环素：500mg每日4次，口服连续30天。 红霉素：口服每次500毫克，每日4次，连服30天。 强力霉素：每次服用 100毫克，每日2次，连服30天。 3．心血管梅毒参见晚期梅毒的治疗，必要时可增加疗程数，但不要应用苄星霉素G。 个别患者在治疗时可能发生吉海反应 该反应系由于应用青霉素后大量梅毒螺旋体死亡，异性蛋白释出所致，一般发生在首次注射青霉京后3—12小时，表现为流感样症状及原有梅毒损害暂时性加重，此现象发生时，可口服阿斯匹林O．6克，每日4次，一般1—2天消失。对于神经梅毒和心血管梅毒亦可注射前一天开始口服强的松5mg，每日4次，连续3天，可起到预防作用。 病期超过两年的梅毒（晚期皮肤膜、骨骼梅毒或病期不能确定的潜伏梅毒）以及二期多发梅毒： 一、普鲁卡因青霉素钠：80万单位一天连续15天。总量2400万单位。 二、苄星青霉素钠（长效西林）240万单位分一至两次，每周一次，共三次，总量720万单位。 三、青霉素过敏者用红霉素：每次0.5g口服，4次一天，连续服30天为一疗程。 心血管梅毒 一、普鲁卡因青霉素钠 用法：80万单位一天连续15天。1200万单位为一疗程。病毒严重必要时休药两面三刀周后进行第二疗程，还可以给予多个疗程。 二、青霉素过敏者用红霉素 用法：每次0。5g口服，4次一天，连续服30天为一个疗程。 神经性梅毒 一、水济青霉素 每天480万单位静脉点滴，10天为一疗，休药天再重复一个疗。总量9600万单位。 二、普鲁苄因青霉素 用法：每天240万位肌注，同时口服丙磺舒，每次0。5g，四次一天，共10天。接着用苄星青霉素钠每周240万单位肌注，共3周。为避生外，可在注射青霉素前1-3天开始口服强的松，每天30-45mg连续3-5天。 (1)早期梅毒的治疗(包括一期、二期梅毒及病程在2年以内的潜伏梅毒)：苄星青霉素 G240万单位，分两侧臀部肌注，每周1次，共用3周；或普鲁卡因青霉素G，每天肌注80万单位，连续10～15天，总用量800万～1200万单位。 对青霉素过敏者可选用红霉素每次口服500毫克，每日4次，连服15天；或强力霉素每次服10 0毫克，每日2次，连服15天。 (2)晚期梅毒(包括三期皮肤、粘膜、骨骼梅毒，晚期潜伏梅毒或不能确定病期的隐性梅毒) 及二期复发梅毒的治疗：普鲁卡因青霉素G每日肌注80万单位，连用20天；或苄星青霉素G24 0万单位，每周肌注1次，共用3次。 对梅毒晚期出现的心血管系统的梅毒、神经梅毒等，应在医生的指导下用药。 胎传梅毒： （1）早期胎传梅毒；①普鲁卡因青霉素G每日5万u/kg，肌内注射，连续1O日；②苄星青霉素G5万U/kg，肌内注射1次。 （2）晚期胎传梅毒：①普鲁卡因青霉素G每日5万U/kg，肌内注射，连续10日为1疗程。②苄星青霉素5万u/kg，肌内注射，一次即可（对较大儿童的青霉素用量不应超过成人同期患者的治疗量）。 早期、晚期胎传梅毒患儿对青霉素过敏者可选用红霉素7.5～25mg/kg，口服，4次/日。 中药治疗： 1．肝经湿热型：淫秽疫毒之邪并湿热外感，浸淫肝经，下注阴器，气机阻滞，湿热疫毒之邪凝聚，发为疳疮（硬下疳）、横痃。主症为外生殖器及肛门等处皮疹粟起或硬块，或腹股沟淋巴结肿大坚硬，胁肋胀痛，纳呆，厌食油腻，尿短赤，大便秘结，舌苔黄腻，脉弦数。治宜清泄肝经湿热。方用龙胆泻肝汤加减：木通、车前子、生地、土茯苓各15g，龙胆草、黄芩、栀子、泽泻、当归各10g，甘草5g。 2．气郁痰结型：淫秽疫毒循肝经下注并凝集于阴器，气血壅阻，痰瘀互结成横痃。主症为腹股沟一侧或两侧淋巴结肿大，坚硬不痛，微热不红，胸闷不舒，口苦，舌红，脉数。多见于第一期梅毒。治宜清热解毒，化痰散结。方用犀黄丸加减：牛黄0.3g，麝香0.1g，乳香、没药各9g．银花、土茯苓各10g, 皂角刺、山甲各10g。 3．正虚邪陷型：淫秽疫毒蕴结，横痃溃破，日久气血受损，正虚无力托邪外达。主症为腹股沟一侧或两侧肿大的淋巴结溃破，口大日久不敛，时有臭脓，面色黄而少华，神疲乏力，舌质谈，苦薄白，脉虚细，见于一期梅毒淋巴结肿大合并感染。治宜益气养血，扶正托邪，方用托里消毒散加减：熟地、黄芪、金银花、土茯苓各15g，人参、川芎、当归、白芍、白芷、白术、桔梗、 皂角刺各10g，甘草5g。 4．风热壅盛型；病程日久，卫外失固，风邪趁势而入，风热相搏，以致热壅于里，风热疫毒郁于肌肤发为杨梅疮。见于二期梅毒疹。主症为胸、腰、腹、四肢屈侧、颜面、颈部等处出现鲜红皮疹或斑块，伴恶寒发热，头痛，口苦咽干，便秘尿黄，苔黄干燥，脉数，治宜解表通里，清热解毒。方用防风通圣散加减：防风、荆齐、麻黄、大黄、芒硝、黄芩、连翘、山栀、当归、川芎、白芍、白术、桔梗各10g，滑石、石膏各15g，甘草5g。 5．湿热蕴结型：淫秽疫毒并湿热外感．邪郁于里，气机受阻，邪郁肌肤发为杨梅疮。见于二期梅毒疹。主症为胸、腹、腰、四肢屈侧、颜面、颈等处先后出现红中透白的杨梅疹、杨梅痘或杨梅斑，腹胀纳差，便溏，渴不欲饮，苔白腻，脉儒或滑。治宜清热解毒利湿。方用土茯苓合剂：土茯苓、金银花各15g，威灵仙、白鲜皮各10g，苍耳子、生甘草各5g。 6．风毒蕴结型：疫毒内蕴日久，沉于骨髓，自里外发，并风邪郁于肌肤，随处结为杨梅结毒。见于三期梅毒。主症为筋骨疼痛，日轻夜重，随处结肿，溃前其色暗红，溃后黄水泛滥而腐臭，口渴，心烦，舌红，苔黄，脉数，治宜祛风清热解毒。方用搜风解毒汤加减：土茯苓、薏苡仁、木通各15g，银花、 防风、木瓜、白鲜皮、皂角刺、当归各 10g，人参、甘草各5g。

梅毒是一种经典性性病。据医史学家考证，梅毒起源于美洲，15世纪哥伦布发现新大陆后，通过海员和士兵使梅毒在欧亚两洲迅速传播。16世纪以前，我国尚无梅毒的记载。大约于1505年，梅毒由印度传入我国广东岭南一带，当时称“广东疮”、“杨梅疮”，此后梅毒向内地传播。古人陈司成著《霉疮秘录》是我国第一部论述梅毒最完美的专著，明代李时珍著《本草纲目》详细记载了梅毒流行情况。梅毒最早是由葡萄牙人在16世纪时带入我国的，古代称花柳病、杨梅疮、霉疮、秽疮等。建国以后，梅毒在我国曾一度被消灭，近年来，随着对外交流的日益频繁，梅毒的发病率也呈上升趋势。 梅毒由梅毒螺旋体（苍白螺旋体）引起，患病后病程漫长，早期侵犯生殖器和皮肤，晚期侵犯全身各器官，并生多种多样的症状和体征，病变几乎能累及全身各个脏器。梅毒通过性行为可以在人群中相互传播，并可以由母亲传染给胎儿，危及下一代。极少数患者通过接吻、哺乳、接有传染性损害病人的日常用品而传染。在性传播疾病中，梅毒的患病人数是低的，但由于其病程长，危害性大，应予重视。 梅毒是人类的传染病，动物体内不存在梅毒螺旋体，因此梅毒患者是本病的唯一传染源。在梅毒的传播过程中，通过性行为感染者约占95%，极少数病人是通过接触患者的分泌物，或密切的生活接触、输血、哺乳等途径染病的。一般认为发生妊娠4个月以后，梅毒偶可通过接触了患者用过的日常用品而受染。接吻、哺乳和婴儿出生时经产道等均可感染。另外可通过衣服、毛巾、剃须刀、餐具、烟嘴、被褥、床单、门把、坐式便器和医疗器械等感染。早期梅毒患者其病灶处的分泌物中含有大量梅毒螺旋体，因此传染性最强。通过性生活，这些分泌物中的病原体能直接传染给对方。由于人体对梅毒病无先天免疫力，因此极少量的梅毒螺旋体就能引起对方患病。另外，患梅毒的孕妇可以通过胎盘将病原体传给胎儿，导致胎儿的先天性梅毒。先天性梅毒是指它可通过胎内感染引起小儿梅毒，一般妊娠9周胎儿就能被感染。梅毒可引起小儿全身各器官和组织的损害，造成功能障碍或死亡。先天梅毒的预防主要是母亲使用足量的青霉素治愈后方可妊娠。 一般来讲，患梅毒的最初1～2年内传染性较强，一期、二期的梅毒患者都具有传染性，她们的皮肤粘膜损害处有大量的梅毒螺旋体存在；潜伏早期的梅毒患者也有传染性。随着病期的延长，梅毒的传染性也逐渐减小，病程超过2年以上时，梅毒的传染性会逐渐减弱，即使与未经过治疗的病程在2年以上的梅毒妇女有性接触，一般也不会被传染。病程超过8年者，其传染性已经极小。人体对梅毒没有先天免疫力，只有在体内有梅毒螺旋体存在时才能产生对此病的免疫力。一旦治疗后梅毒螺旋体从体内消失，免疫力也随之消失，再遇到梅毒螺旋体感染时，仍然会患梅毒病。 梅毒螺旋体(Tre-ponema palidum)1905年由法国科学家Schaudinn 与Hoffmanu发现并报告的。梅毒螺旋体（如图）是小而纤细的螺旋状微生物，长度为5-20nm，平均约8-10um，直径小于0.2nm，有6—12个螺旋；肉眼看不到，在光镜暗视野下，人们仅能看到梅毒螺旋体的折光性，其活动较强。在其前端有4-6根鞭毛样细纤维束，其末端呈卷曲状。在未受外界因素的影响时，螺旋是规则的。因其透明不易着色，又称之为苍白螺旋体。梅毒螺旋体是厌氧菌，在体内可长期生存繁殖，只要条件适宜，便以横断裂方式一分为二的进行繁殖。梅毒螺旋体对外界的抵抗力很弱，对化学药品也很敏感，在体外不易生存，煮沸、干燥、肥皂水和一般的消毒剂(如升汞、石碳酸、来苏水、酒精、1∶1000的高锰酸钾液等)很容易将它杀死，阳光照射和干燥环境都能很快使它死亡。梅毒螺旋体在人体外生存一般超不过1～2个小时。在缺氧的环境下它能生存数天，在潮湿的衣服上也能存活数小时，在血库中一般能存活24小时。梅毒螺旋体不耐高温，40℃～60℃时2～3分钟就能死亡，100℃时则即刻死亡。可以针对其弱点将梅毒螺旋体消灭。如将衣物放于阳光下曝晒，放在干燥的环境中储存；将用具煮沸消毒或用化学用品消毒，都能杀灭梅毒螺旋体，阻止它的传播。 根据梅毒感染途经的不同可分为后天梅毒(获得性梅毒)和先天梅毒(胎传梅毒)。其中获得性梅毒根据病变发展的不同阶段又能分为早期梅毒(包括一期梅毒和二期梅毒)和晚期梅毒(即三期梅毒)。 一期梅毒(Primary syphilis)的主要特点为外阴部出现的无痛性下疳(硬下疳hard chancre)。性交后，梅毒进入体内，先在局部增殖，引起炎症性浸润，然后进入淋巴管，数小时内即可浸入附近的淋巴结，进入血行，几十小时后即能在骨髓、脾脏、睾丸等处出现，很快遍及全身各处。一般在不洁性交后10～60天，平均为21天发病。开始时在外阴部出现一暗红色斑丘疹或米粒大小红斑，以后隆起，形成豆大至指头大硬结，继之丘疹表面糜烂，形成表浅的溃疡，有浆液性渗出。这种溃疡一般直径在1～2厘米之间，单发，圆形或椭圆形，稍高出皮面，边界整齐清楚，边缘凸起，质硬坚实，因此称硬下疳，又叫初疮（如图）。溃疡的基底部清洁无脓液，可有少量浆液性渗出，渗出物少，渗出物中含有大量的梅毒螺旋体。渗出物印片暗视野显微镜检查可见多数螺旋体。男性硬下疳主要在包皮、冠状沟、系带及龟头上；同性恋男性常见于肛门、肛管或直肠。女性硬下疳的好发部位在大阴唇、小阴唇，阴蒂，阴道前庭，子宫颈等处，发生于这些部位者占95%以上，肛门、口唇、乳房等部位有时也会发生。初疮是梅毒螺旋体感染人体后最早的皮肤损害，它发生的部位就是梅毒螺旋体侵入的部位。接受不足量的抗梅治疗或外用药治疗，可见到不典型的硬下疳。硬下疳无痒无疼痛感，也无触痛，质硬如软骨，损害表面清洁，不经治疗3～8周内可自愈，不留疤痕或遗留浅表性疤痕、轻度萎缩性疤或色素沉着。但这并不意味着梅毒已痊愈，而是处在进入第二期梅毒的潜伏期阶段，经过一段时间将进入二期梅毒。若此期能得到及时诊断和充分治疗，可迅速达到彻底治愈的目的，一般愈后情况良好。硬下疳初期，大部分病人的梅毒血清反应呈阳性，以后阳性率逐渐增高，硬下疳出现7-8周后，全部病人血清反应为阳性。 常伴有腹股沟淋巴结的无痛性肿大。硬下疳出现后数天，一侧腹股沟淋巴结肿大，以后另一侧也肿大。这些淋巴结的特点为：①如手指头大小，较硬，彼此散在不融合；②无疼痛与压痛；③表面皮肤无红、肿、热等炎症现象；④不化脓；⑤穿刺液中含有螺旋体。表面常呈肉红。此期的传染性极强。 梅毒螺旋体由硬下疳附近的淋巴结进入血液传播到全身，一般发生传染后2-3个月或硬下疳消失后6～8周将进入二期梅毒。这时的梅毒螺旋体已经经血循环播散到几乎全身各组织器官，出现全身性梅毒疹，并可引起关节损害、眼病变、中枢神经系统损害等。二期梅毒是梅毒病程中最活跃的阶段，传染性强。 二期梅毒的症状： (1)皮肤粘膜的损害：80%～95%的病人可以出现。发疹前常有头痛、发热、咽痛、全身不适、肌肉和关节酸痛、厌食等轻重不同的全身症状。广泛发生于全身的梅毒疹数目很多，躯干、四肢、面部、掌跖部等许多部位都可以稠密出现。皮疹的形态多种多样（玫瑰色斑疹、斑丘疹、丘疹、鳞尿性丘疹，少见毛囊炎样或蛎壳样损害等），自觉症状轻微，呈全身性对称分布，无融合倾向、境界清楚、呈铜红色、一般不痒或偶有轻微瘙痒，不痛。血清反应呈强阳性。在发疹期间还会伴有全身浅表淋巴结的无痛性肿大。 疹子形态主要有以下几种： 班疹型：本型常见。主要分在躯干、四肢近端内侧。皮疹大小不等，多为1-4厘米直径大小的红斑，常为椭圆或圆形，铜红色，境界清楚，可自然消退。 丘疹型：此型易常见。疹子约米粒、黄豆到指甲大小，坚实，浸润明显，呈铜红色，境界清楚，有的表面有鳞屑，类似银屑病，躯干、四肢的屈则及掌跖等多见。 脓疮型：本型少见。多发生在身体虚弱的病人，全身症状较重。皮疹表现类似痤疮、痘疮样、蛎壳样及深脓疱疹样，愈后遗留疤痕。 扁平湿疣型：发生于肛门周围及外阴部的皮疹多是扁平湿疣或湿丘疹。扁平湿疣属于湿丘疹型梅毒疹。好发于皮肤粘膜交界处或皮肤易摩擦的部位，如大小阴唇间、肛周、肛周边、包皮内、股内侧、腋窝、乳房下等。湿丘疹互相融合，呈隆起表面平坦，有时呈疣状或乳头状，表面湿烂，大量渗出液内含有梅毒螺旋体。 脱发型：常发生于颞颥部头皮毛囊周围，出现中心蛀脱落的“鼠咬（虫蚀）状”脱发，弥漫性少见。 梅毒性白斑：有色素消失，可持续数日。梅毒性白斑是口腔、咽喉、生殖器等部位的粘膜损害，外观似口腔念珠菌引起的鹅口疮，为稍隆起的卵圆形损害，上覆灰白色膜，周围有红晕，揭去白膜后基底发红，不出血。 粘膜损害：一种是粘膜红肿，另一种是粘膜呈线糜烂状，有渗出物凝结其表面形成灰白色的粘膜斑。粘膜疹的机会亦多，称粘膜斑，多见于口腔，也可见于阴道粘膜，含大量螺旋体。 (2)骨关节损害：常发生骨膜炎和关节炎。由于梅毒螺旋体侵犯了骨骼及骨关节引起的，无明显炎症现象。本期特点为在晚上和静止休息时疼痛加重，而白天及活动时较轻。多发生于四肢的长骨，亦可发生于骨骼肌的附着点处，如尺骨鹰嘴、髂骨嵴及乳突。在初次接受治疗时有增剧反应。 (3)二期眼梅毒：可以引起虹膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎、视网膜炎、脉络膜炎、视神经炎等多种眼疾病。 (4)中枢神经系统损害：多为无症状性神经梅毒，虽无症状，但脑脊液有异常变化，如蛋白增多，淋巴细胞数增加，脑脊液VDRL试验阳性，胶体金曲线异常等。极少数人有脑膜炎症状、颅神经麻痹、脑血管梅毒及脑膜血管梅毒等。 二期梅毒患者的皮疹即使不经治疗，也能在数周或2～3个月自行消退。因治疗不彻底、治疗用药剂量不足或病人免疫力下降，约1/4的病人症状消退后可再复发，为二期复发梅毒（如图），一般在感染后1～2年内发生。可有皮肤粘膜、眼、骨及内脏损害复发，最常见者为皮肤粘膜复发，其损害与二期梅毒大体相似，但皮疹数目较少，分布比较局限，群集的倾向较二期时更为明显，破坏性较大，好发于肛周、脐窝、腋窝、阴部、及掌部。血清复发最为多见。血清复发是其它复发的先兆。血清复发时，可无其他症状，而有其它复发时，通常先有血清复发。 总之，二期梅毒的主要表现可以概括为三个特点：类感冒症状、梅毒疹和全身淋巴结肿大。患梅毒疹时由于无明显痛苦，常易被患者忽略。临床上如见到分布广泛、对称，而自觉症状轻微的皮疹时，就要详细询问病史，以免漏诊。二期梅毒疹表面梅毒螺旋体很多，因此传染性也最强。 三期梅毒又称晚期梅毒，多为早期梅毒未经治疗或治疗不彻底发展而成。可发生在感染后2年以上，一般多发于感染后3～4年。病程漫长，可持续10～30年。未经治愈的二期梅毒中约有1/3的病人可发展为晚期活动性梅毒；另有一部分患者不出现晚期梅毒症状，只是梅毒血清反应持续阳性，为晚期潜伏梅毒；也有一部分患者可以自愈。 病变除损害皮肤粘膜引起梅毒性结节、树胶肿、近关节结节等病症外，还能侵犯神经系统、心血管以及各内脏、骨骼等，导致晚期心血管梅毒、骨梅毒、内脏梅毒、眼梅毒，以及麻痹性痴呆、脑膜血管梅毒、脊髓痨等神经系统梅毒病。典型的表现为结节性皮疹或粘膜，骨骼树胶肿，少数发生虹膜睫状体炎、视图膜炎、角膜炎等。约有15%的患者侵犯皮肤、软组织及骨骼，有10%-25%侵犯心血管，10%侵犯神经系统，可引起脑实质病毒可表现为麻疹性痴呆。脊髓痨，视神经受侵犯时可引起神经萎缩。可造成残废，病情严重者可以危及生命。 晚期梅毒的传染性减弱。 先天梅毒(胎传梅毒)：梅毒螺旋体通过胎盘母亲血清使子宫内胎儿感染。分为两期： 1)早期先天梅毒：年龄小于2岁，如早期先天梅毒及早期潜伏梅毒。 2)晚期先天梅毒：年龄大于2岁，如晚期先天梅毒及晚期潜伏梅毒。 主要临床症状表现： 一、永久性标记，为早期病变所遗留，已无活动性，但是待犯性。 二、仍有活动性损害所致的临床表现：常见有实质性角膜炎、神经性耳聋、肝脾肿大、树胶肿、骨膜炎等。 主要靠实验室诊断，梅毒血清学试验，脑脊液检查。 未经治疗的梅毒妇女，如果病期已超过4年，虽然通过性接触已无传染性，但妊娠仍可传给胎儿，病期越长，传染性越小。有学者认为，患早期(一期、二期)梅毒的母亲，若不进行治疗，有一半婴儿将发生胎传梅毒，另一半为死产或产后不久即死亡；未经治疗的早期潜伏梅毒的母亲，其婴儿20%为正常或健康的，20%为死亡；40%为胎传梅毒；未经治疗的晚期梅毒的母亲其婴儿70%可以是正常或健康的，10%为胎传梅毒，其余可以是死产或早产儿。早期先天梅毒的临床现为常出现于产后第2-6周，有流涕、鼻塞、口腔粘膜损害。常有较严重的内脏损害，死亡率较高。患早期先天性梅毒的婴儿，一般都有营养不良，皮肤皱纹多，严重者呈老人样面容。另有贫血与肝、脾肿大。 隐性梅毒又称潜伏梅毒。患者虽未经治疗或治疗剂量不足，但临床症状和体征消失，只是梅毒血清学反应仍为阳性，而患者并无可以引起血清学反应假阳性的其他疾病，脑脊液检查也正常。 感染后病程在2年以内者为早期潜伏梅毒，在2年以上者则为晚期潜伏梅毒。早期潜伏梅毒仍有传染性，至潜伏晚期其传染性消失，但对于孕妇，患者的梅毒螺旋体仍可以通过胎盘传给胎儿。隐性梅毒不经治疗，30%的患者将发生晚期梅毒。 [临床表现及诊断要点] 1．一期梅毒(硬下疳) 1)有不洁性交、嫖娼、配偶感染史或同性恋史。 2)潜伏期2—4周。 3)主要表现为硬下疳，常为单个、无痛无痒、境界清楚、直径1—2Cm大小、触之如软骨样硬度，表面可糜烂或浅溃疡，渗出物中有大量的梅毒螺旋体。 4)常发生在外生殖器部位，如男性的冠状沟，龟头，系带及包皮，女性的大阴唇，小阴唇，宫颈等部位，男性同性恋者可发生在肛周及直肠、偶见于唇、咽等处。 5)局部淋巴结肿大，单侧或双侧。 6)不经治疗3—8周内硬下溶可自然消失，不留痕迹或仅留轻度萎缩性疤。 7)分泌物涂片作暗视野显微镜检查，可见多数活动的螺旋体。梅毒血精试验：硬下疳早期阴性，7—8周后大部分患者呈阳性结果。 2．二期梅毒 1)多在初次感染后8—10周或出现硬下疳后6—8周发病。 2)主要表现为皮肤粘膜损害，可出现骨膜炎，关节痛等骨关节损害，虹膜炎，视神经炎等眼损害，偶见脑膜炎等神经损害。 3)皮疹形态多种多样，如斑疹、斑丘疹、丘疹、脓疱疹、鳞屑性皮损等，常泛发、对称分布。发生在掌跖的棕铜色脱屑性斑丘疹具有特征性。 4)粘膜损害可见于口腔、咽、喉、生殖器粘膜，为红肿及糜烂，在肛周，外生殖器周围可发生扁平湿疣，粘膜损害内有大量梅毒螺旋体。 5)头皮可见虫蚀状的脱发，发颞部常见。 6)全身浅表淋巴结肿大。 7)粘膜损害及扁平湿疣的分泌物涂片作暗视野显微镜检查，可见多数活动的螺旋体，梅毒血清试验呈强阳性。 二期复发梅毒：二期梅毒未经治疗或治疗不彻底的思者，当病人抵抗力下降力时，二期损害消退后重新出现，称为二期复发梅毒，如不治疗，可多次反复，此疹基本同二期梅毒疹，但其数目减少，分布限局。 3．三期梅毒(晚期梅毒) 1)有不洁性生活或配偶感染史，早期梅毒史可有可无。 2)皮肤粘膜梅毒 结节性梅毒疹：常见于前额，四肢及肩胛等处，为多数皮下小结切，呈环状排列，可自然消退，遗留萎缩性斑。 树胶样肿：初为皮下小硬结，渐增大并与皮肤粘连，形成浸润性斑块，中心破溃形成溃疡，好发于头面及小腿等处。当侵及上腭及鼻中隔粘膜，可造成鼻中隔穿孔及马鞍鼻。 3)心血管梅毒：在感染10—20余年后发生，可引起梅毒性主动脉炎，主动脉瓣闭锁不全，主动脉瘤等。 4)神经梅毒：感染5—15年后发生，可引起梅毒性脑膜炎，脊髓痨及麻痹性痴呆等，亦可有脑脊液异常变化，而无神经系统症状。 5)其它脏器：如骨骼、眼、呼吸、消化及泌尿系统均可受侵。 6)梅毒血清试验大部分阳性，有少数亦可阴性。 脑脊液白细胞增多，生化检查异常，梅毒抗体试验阳性。 4．潜伏梅毒 有感染史，未经治疗或治疗不充分，无临床症状和体征，但梅毒血清反应阳性，除外了其他可以引起梅毒血清反应阳性的疾病，脑脊液检查阴性，可诊断为潜伏梅毒，病期小于2年者称早期潜伏梅毒，大于2年者称晚期潜伏梅毒。 5．早期先天梅毒 1)生母患有梅毒。 2)多在生后3周出现临床症状。 3)早期表现为鼻炎、咽喉炎症状，因鼻塞可造成哺乳困难。 4)皮肤表现多样，如斑丘疹鳞屑性损害、水疱及大疱及大疱性损害、扁平湿疣样损害，口角，肛周可发生线状皲裂性损害，皮肤干皱如老人，可伴脱发、甲沟炎、甲床炎。口腔内有粘膜斑。 5)患儿瘦小，浅表淋巴线肿大，肝脾也肿大，常有骨软骨炎及骨膜炎。 6)皮肤粘膜损害的分泌物，鼻分泌物，脐带血涂片作暗视野显微镜检查，可见到螺旋体，梅毒血清试验阳性。 6．晚期先天梅毒 多发生在儿童及青春期，患儿有梅毒齿(半月形门齿)、实质性角膜炎及神经性耳聋三联征，具特征性。皮肤粘膜损害与后天三期梅毒相似，还可出现骨膜炎，肝脾肿大等活动性损害。 7．先天潜伏梅毒 先天梅毒未经治疗，无临床症状，梅毒血清反应阳性者称先天潜伏梅毒。 [梅毒血清试验] 1．非梅毒螺旋体抗原血清试验：用心磷脂做抗原，检查血清中的抗心磷脂脂抗体，即反应素，属于这一类的试验的VDRL试验，UST试验及RPR试验，这些试验方法简便，易于推广，是临床常用的常规试验，也可在大规模普查时用，此外这些试验均可作定量测定，可用于观察疗效，判断是否复发及再感染，但应注意由于试验用的抗原是非特异性的，因而容易出现假阳性结果，一些传染病如病毒性肝炎，麻疹，上呼吸道感染，活动性肺结核，自身免疫病时均可出现假阳性结果，但血清反应的滴度低，持续时间一般较短。 2．梅毒螺旋体特异性抗原血清试验：用活的或死的梅毒螺旋体或其成份来测抗螺旋体抗体，属于这一类的试验有荧光螺旋体吸收试验；梅毒螺旋体血凝试验：这类试验的特异性强，可用作证实试验，但不能用作观察疗效，判断复发及再感染。 [治疗] 原则：一经确诊应早期、足量、规则用药治疗，疗后定期随访。 治疗期间不应有性生活。 性伴侣同时接受治疗。 治疗梅毒要按照及早治疗、足量用药的原则进行。在治疗期间，患者要注意休息，加强营养，避免性生活。 青霉素为治疗梅毒的首选药。 根据中国卫生部卫生防疫司《性病防治手册》制定的治疗方案，具体方法如下： 1．早期梅毒(一期、二期、早期潜伏梅毒) 1)青毒素 普鲁卡因青霉素G：80万单位，每日一次肌注，连续10—15天，总量800一1200万单位。 苄星青霉素G(长效西林)：240万单位，分两测臀部肌注，每周一次，共2—3次。或240万单位一次一周总量为480万。 2)对青霉素过敏者 红霉素：500mg/day,4次一天，连续30天。 强力霉素：100mg每日2次口服连续30天。 2．晚期梅毒(包括三期梅毒，二期复发梅毒及晚期潜伏梅毒) 1)青霉素 普卡因青霉素G：80万单位，每日一次肌注，连续15天，总量1200万单位。间隔2周给第二疗程，总量2400万单位。苄星青霉素G：240万单位，每周—次肌注共3次。 2)青霉素过敏者 四环素：500mg每日4次，口服连续30天。 红霉素：口服每次500毫克，每日4次，连服30天。 强力霉素：每次服用 100毫克，每日2次，连服30天。 3．心血管梅毒参见晚期梅毒的治疗，必要时可增加疗程数，但不要应用苄星霉素G。 个别患者在治疗时可能发生吉海反应 该反应系由于应用青霉素后大量梅毒螺旋体死亡，异性蛋白释出所致，一般发生在首次注射青霉京后3—12小时，表现为流感样症状及原有梅毒损害暂时性加重，此现象发生时，可口服阿斯匹林O．6克，每日4次，一般1—2天消失。对于神经梅毒和心血管梅毒亦可注射前一天开始口服强的松5mg，每日4次，连续3天，可起到预防作用。 病期超过两年的梅毒（晚期皮肤膜、骨骼梅毒或病期不能确定的潜伏梅毒）以及二期多发梅毒： 一、普鲁卡因青霉素钠：80万单位一天连续15天。总量2400万单位。 二、苄星青霉素钠（长效西林）240万单位分一至两次，每周一次，共三次，总量720万单位。 三、青霉素过敏者用红霉素：每次0.5g口服，4次一天，连续服30天为一疗程。 心血管梅毒 一、普鲁卡因青霉素钠 用法：80万单位一天连续15天。1200万单位为一疗程。病毒严重必要时休药两面三刀周后进行第二疗程，还可以给予多个疗程。 二、青霉素过敏者用红霉素 用法：每次0。5g口服，4次一天，连续服30天为一个疗程。 神经性梅毒 一、水济青霉素 每天480万单位静脉点滴，10天为一疗，休药天再重复一个疗。总量9600万单位。 二、普鲁苄因青霉素 用法：每天240万位肌注，同时口服丙磺舒，每次0。5g，四次一天，共10天。接着用苄星青霉素钠每周240万单位肌注，共3周。为避生外，可在注射青霉素前1-3天开始口服强的松，每天30-45mg连续3-5天。 (1)早期梅毒的治疗(包括一期、二期梅毒及病程在2年以内的潜伏梅毒)：苄星青霉素 G240万单位，分两侧臀部肌注，每周1次，共用3周；或普鲁卡因青霉素G，每天肌注80万单位，连续10～15天，总用量800万～1200万单位。 对青霉素过敏者可选用红霉素每次口服500毫克，每日4次，连服15天；或强力霉素每次服10 0毫克，每日2次，连服15天。 (2)晚期梅毒(包括三期皮肤、粘膜、骨骼梅毒，晚期潜伏梅毒或不能确定病期的隐性梅毒) 及二期复发梅毒的治疗：普鲁卡因青霉素G每日肌注80万单位，连用20天；或苄星青霉素G24 0万单位，每周肌注1次，共用3次。 对梅毒晚期出现的心血管系统的梅毒、神经梅毒等，应在医生的指导下用药。 胎传梅毒： （1）早期胎传梅毒；①普鲁卡因青霉素G每日5万u/kg，肌内注射，连续1O日；②苄星青霉素G5万U/kg，肌内注射1次。 （2）晚期胎传梅毒：①普鲁卡因青霉素G每日5万U/kg，肌内注射，连续10日为1疗程。②苄星青霉素5万u/kg，肌内注射，一次即可（对较大儿童的青霉素用量不应超过成人同期患者的治疗量）。 早期、晚期胎传梅毒患儿对青霉素过敏者可选用红霉素7.5～25mg/kg，口服，4次/日。 中药治疗： 1．肝经湿热型：淫秽疫毒之邪并湿热外感，浸淫肝经，下注阴器，气机阻滞，湿热疫毒之邪凝聚，发为疳疮（硬下疳）、横痃。主症为外生殖器及肛门等处皮疹粟起或硬块，或腹股沟淋巴结肿大坚硬，胁肋胀痛，纳呆，厌食油腻，尿短赤，大便秘结，舌苔黄腻，脉弦数。治宜清泄肝经湿热。方用龙胆泻肝汤加减：木通、车前子、生地、土茯苓各15g，龙胆草、黄芩、栀子、泽泻、当归各10g，甘草5g。 2．气郁痰结型：淫秽疫毒循肝经下注并凝集于阴器，气血壅阻，痰瘀互结成横痃。主症为腹股沟一侧或两侧淋巴结肿大，坚硬不痛，微热不红，胸闷不舒，口苦，舌红，脉数。多见于第一期梅毒。治宜清热解毒，化痰散结。方用犀黄丸加减：牛黄0.3g，麝香0.1g，乳香、没药各9g．银花、土茯苓各10g, 皂角刺、山甲各10g。 3．正虚邪陷型：淫秽疫毒蕴结，横痃溃破，日久气血受损，正虚无力托邪外达。主症为腹股沟一侧或两侧肿大的淋巴结溃破，口大日久不敛，时有臭脓，面色黄而少华，神疲乏力，舌质谈，苦薄白，脉虚细，见于一期梅毒淋巴结肿大合并感染。治宜益气养血，扶正托邪，方用托里消毒散加减：熟地、黄芪、金银花、土茯苓各15g，人参、川芎、当归、白芍、白芷、白术、桔梗、 皂角刺各10g，甘草5g。 4．风热壅盛型；病程日久，卫外失固，风邪趁势而入，风热相搏，以致热壅于里，风热疫毒郁于肌肤发为杨梅疮。见于二期梅毒疹。主症为胸、腰、腹、四肢屈侧、颜面、颈部等处出现鲜红皮疹或斑块，伴恶寒发热，头痛，口苦咽干，便秘尿黄，苔黄干燥，脉数，治宜解表通里，清热解毒。方用防风通圣散加减：防风、荆齐、麻黄、大黄、芒硝、黄芩、连翘、山栀、当归、川芎、白芍、白术、桔梗各10g，滑石、石膏各15g，甘草5g。 5．湿热蕴结型：淫秽疫毒并湿热外感．邪郁于里，气机受阻，邪郁肌肤发为杨梅疮。见于二期梅毒疹。主症为胸、腹、腰、四肢屈侧、颜面、颈等处先后出现红中透白的杨梅疹、杨梅痘或杨梅斑，腹胀纳差，便溏，渴不欲饮，苔白腻，脉儒或滑。治宜清热解毒利湿。方用土茯苓合剂：土茯苓、金银花各15g，威灵仙、白鲜皮各10g，苍耳子、生甘草各5g。 6．风毒蕴结型：疫毒内蕴日久，沉于骨髓，自里外发，并风邪郁于肌肤，随处结为杨梅结毒。见于三期梅毒。主症为筋骨疼痛，日轻夜重，随处结肿，溃前其色暗红，溃后黄水泛滥而腐臭，口渴，心烦，舌红，苔黄，脉数，治宜祛风清热解毒。方用搜风解毒汤加减：土茯苓、薏苡仁、木通各15g，银花、 防风、木瓜、白鲜皮、皂角刺、当归各 10g，人参、甘草各5g。

已注册的协议比如：ftp://开头的URL地址， http://开头的URL地址；

Disease 疾病 anemia, anaemia 贫血 angina pectoris 心绞痛 appendicitis 阑尾炎 arthritis 关节炎 bronchitis 支气管炎 cancer 癌 catarrh 卡他,粘膜炎 chicken pox, varicella 水痘 cholera 霍乱 cold 感冒,伤风,着凉 (head) cold 患感冒 diabetes 糖尿病 diphtheria 白喉 eczema 湿疹 epilepsy 癫痫 erysipelas 丹毒 gangrene 坏疽 German measles, rubella 风疹 gout 痛风 headache 头痛 hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫,半身不遂 interus, jaundice 黄疸 indigestion 消化不良 influenza, flu 流感 insanity 精神病 leukemia 白血病 malaria 疟疾 malnutrition 营养不良 Malta fever 马耳他热,波状热 measles 麻疹 migraine, splitting headache 偏头痛 miocardial infarction 心肌梗塞 mumps 流行性腮腺炎neuralgia 神经痛 neurasthenia 神经衰弱 paralysis 麻痹 peritonitis 腹膜炎 pharyngitis 咽炎 phtisis 痨病,肺结核 pneumonia 肺炎 poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎 rabies 狂犬病 rheumatism 风湿病 rickets, rachitis 佝偻病 scabies, itch 疥疮 scarlet fever 猩红热 sciatica 坐骨神经痛 sclerosis 硬化 septicemia, septicaemia 败血病 sinusitis 窦炎 smallpox 天花 swamp fever 沼地热 syncope 晕厥 syphilis 梅毒 tetanus 破伤风 thrombosis 血栓形成 torticollis, stiff neck 斜颈 tuberculosis 结核病 tumour 瘤 (美作:tumor) typhus 斑疹伤寒 urticaria, hives 荨麻疹 whooping cough 百日咳 yellow fever 黄热病

那得是比较好的系统使用起来才可行性很高，我们单位是用的深圳派捷的系统设计的还挺灵活的，很方便。

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其实不用太担心 应该比癌症好很多 别担心 放平心态一切都会好的

Climate change has led to a rapid melting of permanent ice in the Arctic. According to the latest research， in September 2011， the total area covered by ice in the Arctic Ocean had decreased by 40 percent compared to 1979. Based on calculations by scientists， the ice in the Arctic Ocean is estimated to disappear completely by the middle of this century. This means the once ice-covered area will change into a sea where ships can come and go freely without icebreakers. This revelation tells the economic value of the North Pole. New navigation routes linking East Asia， Europe and North America will be opened， allowing for quick routes for maritime transport linking the three regions. According to the exploration and evaluation conducted during the United States Geological Survey in 2008， the North Pole has 30 percent of the world"s undiscovered natural gas and 13 percent of the world"s undiscovered oil. All these resources are concentrated in the offshore continental shelf region and suitable for exploration. Scientists are worried that a melting North Pole will bring a series of disastrous effects to the Earth. In the global climate system， the North Pole and the South Pole are the two switches that control the ocean currents and the atmosphere. Once destroyed， disasters beyond imagination will occur. Therefore， how to explore the North Pole？ How to protect it？ How to distribute the resources？ All these questions make the North Pole a question beyond a regional affair and a matter of international concern. Salary Increase For Public Servants Beijing Youth Daily January 21 In the latest session of Guangdong Provincial People"s Congress， some deputies from Shenzhen， Guangdong Province， called for a salary raise for public servants. They claimed public servants are paid less than enterprise employees. The comparison is too simple to be credible. In the business sector， employees" salaries are decided by the market. If the market goes into recession， the pay of enterprise employees will fall. But salaries for public servants are paid by governments， which are steadier than industries. People think public servants are well paid and have opportunities to receive “grey income.” In fact， this is a misunderstanding. The salaries of most public servants are meager. Despite low pay， public servants have better welfare， such as insurance and pensions. Public servants don"t need to pay endowment insurance. Moreover， after retirement their pension payments are higher than other people， and governments manage to offer officials houses. With the skyrocketing housing prices in China， this is a major form of welfare. That is why so many young graduates rush to become public servants every year. 来源：Beijing Review

　　末日兽印　　20世纪是人类知识增长最快的世纪。高科技的发展使人类的生活起了很大变化，亦使人类进入电子信息时代。踏入21世纪，人类憧憬着日新月异的高科技产品会带来更舒适、更方便的生活，例如：使用流动视像电话（videophone）通讯；透过电子网络银行（cyberbanking）理财；使用能够量度体重和化验尿液、粪便的马桶，紧密了解自己的健康状况；透过植入体内的微型芯片（microchip），遥控家居电器、使用数码现金（digital cash）购物，甚至透过体内芯片发出的电波，治疗偏头痛和控制情绪，以及寻找失踪人口。　　然而，你有否听过计算机科技、微型芯片、无现金时代（cashless society）的出现，正为圣经启示录所说之敌基督的出现铺路呢？你又有否听过兽的数目（the number of the beast）——666、兽印（the mark of the beast）或兽名（the name of the beast）这些名词呢？　　六百六十六　　「他又叫众人，无论大小、贫富、自主的、为奴的，都在右手上或是在额上受一个印记。除了那受印记，有了兽名或有兽名数目的，都不得作买卖。在这里有智慧，凡有聪明的，可以算计兽的数目；因为这是人的数目，他的数目是六百六十六。」（启十三16-18）　　我在1978年12月23日信主，21年来，我看着666这个预言不断发展。初信时读这段圣经，觉得很难应验。「在手上或额上刻上666的印记，这么难看，怎会有人愿意？」「没有兽的印记，就不得作买卖？不会吧，有钱为甚么不能作买卖？」再看一些基督徒制作的影片，例如〈夜间来的贼〉（the Thief at Night）和〈兽像〉（Image of the Beast），发觉影片中受兽印的人，有明显666的字样印在额上或手上，一下子就被认出来，「太着迹了！」　　激光刺纹　　1983年7月出版的一本小册子〈666的奥秘〉，提到华盛顿国立大学的一位教授R. Keith Farrell，发明了激光刺纹枪（LASER tattoo gun），可以用激光在三百亿分之一秒间将数目字注入人体。这种刺纹肉眼看不见，但用有关的仪器就可以读出来。这个消息令我十分震惊，激光刺纹，不会有碍观瞻，又不会被人发现，应验666这个预言的可能性出现了，666这个预言「萌芽」了，主回来的日子近了！不单如此，该册子的作者还指出，座落在卢森堡的「欧洲共同市场」的大型计算机的标帜是兽（The Beast），多么不可思议！　　20世纪末，计算机科技高速发展，许多先进国家已经进入无现金时代，发薪和交易均可经由计算机自动转账，既安全又准确快捷。另外，信用咭也日趋普遍，所谓「一咭旁身，世界通行」；加上「电子钱」（electronic money）的发展，出门购物已变得十分安全方便，不必再携带大量现金。可是现金咭和信用咭也有被人盗用的危险！如果用激光刺纹，将信用咭或其他信息印在人体上，便不怕被人盗用了。试问谁能盗取别人的头或手去签账而又不被发现呢？　　条码（bar code）　　刺纹的内容又怎样与666扯上关系呢？相信大家也发觉，踏入90年代，条码已在各行各业广泛应用。今日，一般商品都有条码。条码其实是商品的产地、制造商、名称等信息的代号。条码亦已应用在各样证件上。条码左、右和中间，有三组特长的线，这三组线代表的数字「刚巧」就是 666！这样看来，一切似乎都部署好了！用激光将条码刺纹在人身上，记录个人的身分、银行户口、信用咭等信息，方便、防盗、不怕遗失，实在好！买卖都透过「条码刺纹」自动转账，纪录清楚、监察容易，谁也不能走私、瞒税，真好！购物、旅游不用携带纸币、辅币和各种证件，实在方便！666这个预言开始「长叶」了。　　末日兽印　　微型芯片（microchip）　　可是用条码记录的信息不能更新，似乎又不甚方便！1994年3月9日香港〈星岛日报〉报导，芯片宠物（cyberpet）已经开始在美国流行。其实，早在1988年美国已经有公司将微型芯片植入宠物皮层，有需要时可透过仪器准确地辨认及读取宠物的信息，有助将寻获的宠物物归原主。现在很多美国公司已得到许可证，生产用以识别身分的微型芯片，以及将这些芯片植入牲畜体内。这些公司提供不同形式的植入方法，除了用针筒注射外，还可以用针刺状的"zip quill"，只要将"zip quill"的尖端向着牲畜的皮肤一按，"zip quill"连同内藏的微型芯片就被刺进牲畜的皮层，而"zip quill"会在3小时内溶解和被身体吸收。微型芯片的玻璃外壳的一端，外面包着一层"polyprophylene"，动物皮层内的结连组织（connective tissue）会在微型芯片植入后24小时内，开始与这层"polyprophylene"连结，固定微型芯片的位置。因此，微型芯片一经植入就难以取出。　　香港亦于1996年12月开始，规定已领有牌照的狗只均须植入微型芯片，以便日后透过手提扫描仪阅读载在微型芯片上的信息，辨认狗只和狗主的身分。　　2000年2月28日英国公布新修订的入境动物检疫条例，允许植入「宠物护照」（微型芯片）和获发健康证书的宠物自由进出英国，不用经过半年的隔离检疫期。　　微型芯片比条码优胜的地方，在于微型芯片能更新信息，条码则不能。但到底微型芯片是甚么呢？　　微型芯片又称为「异频雷达收发器．生物芯片」（transponder biochip）或「微型芯片．异频雷达收发器」（microchip transponder），大小像米粒，内含250,000组件，长7 mm，直径0.75 mm，可内置一粒极细小可再充电的锂电池。　　卡尔山德氏（Carl W Sanders）　　卡尔山德氏是一位电子工程师和发明家，也是多个美国政府部门、IBM、General Electric、Honeywell和Teledyne的顾问。他由1968年开始参与研究发展使用微型芯片作为脊髓绕道（spinal bypass）连接运动神经线（motor nerves）的计划，希望可以帮助脊髓严重受伤的患者。卡尔山德氏担任该计划的高级工程师。后来，该计划由于金钱回报不可观而被迫搁置。　　其后，他又参与研究利用微型芯片发出的电波，生成针灸的作用，刺激人的内分泌，从而改良人的行为。例如他们的「凤凰计划」（Phoenix Project），就是研究将一粒名为兰保（Rambo）的芯片植入越战的退伍军人体内，刺激他们肾上腺素的分泌。卡尔山德氏更指出微型芯片所生成的电波，还可以用作治疗偏头痛，生成兴奋、镇定或避孕等作用。（1999年10月美国约翰斯霍普金斯大学的科学家，成功将微型芯片植入盲人眼内，令他们恢复部分视力，可以辨别形状和光。这群科学家盼望患者最终能透过植入芯片和配戴特制的光学眼镜恢复视力。）　　跟着，卡尔山德氏又参与研究利用微型芯片识别身分，将个人信息保存在微型芯片中，包括名字、样貌、指纹、身体特征、家族历史、地址、职业、收入和犯罪纪录等，不可少的当然是一个国际性18位数字的身分号码。这18个数字分为三组，每组6个，即6+6+6个数字，也许就是666（the number of the beast）了。这个号码也同时是护照、驾驶执照和户口等号码。　　卡尔山德氏认为原本发展来造福人群的微型芯片，也许会被敌基督采用，推行新世界秩序（New World Order），制造他全球军事、政治、经济霸权体系的兽印。届时，现金将会作废，买卖透过体内的微型芯片实时转账。如果没有兽印的话，就真的不能作买卖了！这是生在第一世纪的约翰，造梦也想不到的事，现在却摆在我们眼前了！由于在一个无现金的新世界秩序中，没有兽印就等于没有工作，没有食物，没有医疗服务，没有车…，因此无论人愿意与否，也得接受兽印！　　在此我必须提醒大家，你也许可以接受具医疗效用或其他用途的微型芯片，但受兽印却万万不能，因为圣经说：「又有第三位天使接着他们，大声说：『若有人拜兽和兽像，在额上或在手上受了印记，这人也必喝神大怒的酒；此酒斟在神忿怒的杯中，纯一不杂。他要在圣天使和羔羊面前，在火与硫磺之中受痛苦。他受痛苦的烟往上冒，直到永永远远。那些拜兽和兽像，受他名之印记的，昼夜不得安宁。』圣徒的忍耐就在此；他们是守神诫命和耶稣真道的。」（启十四9-12）接受兽印就等于拜兽和兽像，结局就是永远在烧着硫磺的火湖里受痛苦。　　但以理文（Daniel Man）　　在1987年，一位名叫但以理文的犹太人，已开始从事将微型芯片植入皮肤下面的发展工作。他渴望为每个以色列人植入微型芯片，以致所有绑架和恐怖活动因此退出，因为到时每个人的位置都可以透过手提电话发射塔（cellular phone towers）或人造卫星实时准确地确定。这实在是一个打击罪案的有效措施！　　1999年12月美国一家电讯公司（Applied Digital Solution）成功取得一种名为「数码天使」的产品专利。「数码天使」是一种植入体的微型数码监察仪，能够发出和接收数据，以致植入者的位置能持续被全球定位卫星系统侦察，有助寻回失踪的攀山者、孩童或政要等。　　然而，类似技术若被残暴的敌基督政权利用，所有受兽印的人就会失去自由，因为他们就算走到天涯海角，也会被查找，无法逃离兽的魔掌。　　锂电池　　微型芯片还可以包括一粒可再充电的锂电池。这粒锂电池是靠体温的转变自行充电的（日本星辰表厂早已应用类似的电池制造名为Eco-Drive Thermo的手表）。美国研究人员花了150万美元，找出人体两处体温经常急速转变的地方，也就是最适合植入微型芯片的地方。你猜是哪里呢？答案是手背和额上（紧贴着发线的边缘）！　　「…在右手上或是在额上受一个印记。」（启十三16）圣经的预言实在精确。从前我以为是因为方便，所以将印记放在手上或额上，谁知背后原来有如此高科技的原因！假若微型芯片真的被用作制造兽印，那么，一个由第一世纪的渔夫（使徒约翰）所记下的预言，竟然藉20世纪的高科技应验，实在不可思议，叫人拍案叫绝！圣经实在是神的话。　　恶而且毒的疮　　「第一位天使便去，把碗倒在地上，就有恶而且毒的疮（noisome and grievous sore）生在那些有兽印记、拜兽像的人身上。」（启十六2）　　卡尔山德氏曾经向波士顿医务中心（Boston Medical Center）一位医生查询：「如果微型芯片受破坏，锂电池内含锂的液体泄漏出来，会对人体造成甚么影响呢？」答案是：「长毒疮（grievous sore）。」从前我认为生恶而且毒的疮，是因为细菌或病毒感染引致，所以要应验上述的预言，就先要有一种不寻常的细菌或病毒，而这些细菌或病毒要懂得辨别和单单攻击受兽印记的人！很「科幻」，对吗？现在我才明白，答案原来如此简单直接，微型芯片若被用作制造兽印，而又在人体内爆裂，锂电池的液体泄漏出来，就生出恶而且毒的疮。　　「印记」　　「他又叫众人，无论大小、贫富、自主的、为奴的，都在右手上或是在额上受一个印记。除了那受印记，有了兽名或有兽名数目的，都不得作买卖。在这里有智慧，凡有聪明的，可以算计兽的数目；因为这是人的数目，他的数目是六百六十六。」（启十三16-18）　　还要一提的是，「印记」（mark）的希腊原文 charagma，根据The New Strong"s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible的注解是：　　"5480. charagma, khar"-ag-mah; from the same as 5482; a scratch or etching, i.e. -stamp (as a badge of servitude), or sculptured figure (statue):-graven, mark.　　意思就是抓痕、蚀刻、印章(作为奴隶状态的标记)、雕塑像、雕刻、印。　　而「六百六十六」（six hundred threescore and six, 666）的希腊原文 chi xi stigma注解是：　　"5516. chi xi stigma, khee zee stig"-ma; the 22d, 14th and an obsolete letter　　(4742 as a cross) the Greek alphabet (intermediate between the 5th and 6th), used as numbers;　　denoting of respectively 600, 60 and 6; 666 as a numeral: -six hundred threescore and six."　　意思就是：「代表数字666」。　　而「六百六十六」的希腊原文中的 stigma的注解是：　　"4742. stigma, stig"-mah; from a primary stizo (to stick, i.e. prick); a mark incised or punched (for recognition of ownership), i.e. (fig.) scar of service: -mark.　　意思就是：stigma的字根是stizo（刺入、刺穿），一个雕刻或刺进去的印记（用作识别拥有权），服役的标记。　　根据上述的注释，「兽印」的意思就更清楚了：兽印是一个雕刻在或刺进右手或前额的666印记，显示受兽印者是属于敌基督的。没有兽印的人，就不得作买卖。　　不久的将来！　　1997年6月17日，发明家辛尔（Singer）等人已在美国取得将微型芯片植入人体的专利注册（US Patent number 5,638,832）。前美国洛杉矶副郡治安官（former Los Angeles Deputy Sheriff）德利谷克Terry Cook在他的着作〈The Mark of the New World Order〉中罗列多方面的发展和趋势，指出不久的将来所有人都会被植入微型芯片。666这个预言「茁壮」了，并且呼之欲出。一切已经准备就绪，只等欧洲的十国联盟正式出现，敌基督就会登上历史的舞台，跟着末日兽印就会出现。

周日早上在北京天安门广场结束了60周年大型国庆庆祝活动的第一轮彩排。为了避免给市民生活带来影响，这次彩排在夜间举行，但是还是吸引了许多市民前来观看。请看新华社的报道：Starting early Saturday morning, the rehearsal featured a mass pageant involving nearly 200,000 citizens and 60 simulated floats, a gala by around 12,000 performers and a military review.这次彩排从周六凌晨开始，内容包括有将近20万市民参加、动用了60辆模拟彩车的群众欢庆游行，有1.2万人参与演出的联欢活动以及阅兵式。在上面的报道中，military review就是“阅兵式”。Review在该词组中的意思是“（军事）检阅，阅兵（式）”。例如hold a naval(an air, an army) review就是“举行海上（空中，陆军）阅兵式”。Review在表示这一意思时也可以作动词用，例如：The general reviewed his troops.（将军检阅了他的部队。）与“检阅”相关的词组还有pass in review，意思是“（使）列队经过接受检阅”，reviewing order是“检阅队形”，如troops drawn up in review order（排列成检阅队形的部队），reviewing stand则是“检阅台”。今年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立60周年纪念日，首都北京将举行隆重热烈的庆祝活动。24日，首都国庆60周年北京市筹备委员会新闻发言人向记者介绍了庆祝活动的安排和筹备情况。请看相关报道：The Tian"anmen Square will see a massive celebration to mark the nation"s 60th birthday on October 1, said a spokesperson for the 60th National Day celebration preparation committee of the Beijing municipal government Monday. A mass pageant involving about 200000 citizens and 60 floats will follow a military parade. The military parade and mass pageant will be rehearsed at Tian"anmen Square several times from August 29 to September 26.据首都国庆60周年北京市筹备委员会新闻发言人24日介绍，今年10月1日，天安门广场将隆重庆祝新中国成立60周年，届时，将举行有近20万群众和60辆彩车组成的欢庆活动。8月29日至9月26日，天安门广场将举行数次国庆阅兵和群众欢庆游行彩排活动。在上面的报道中，mass pageant就是“群众欢庆游行”。其中mass是“民众”的意思，pageant指“盛装游行、庆典”，而且在pageant中经常会有彩车（float）。上文中还出现了parade一词。Pageant和parade都有“游行”的意思，而且parade也可以指庆祝游行，如May Day parade（五一节游行），但是parade更多的是指阅兵场上的列队行进。此外，parade还可以指“炫耀，展示”，例如：parade one"s knowledge（卖弄知识）。相对于parade，pageant有华丽盛大的场面，而且常有彩车。例如：the pageant of the Duke"s immense, sumptuous funeral（公爵葬礼的盛大豪华场面）。另外，pageant还有“露天历史剧”的意思。中国历次国庆大阅兵（英文简介） 2003年09月25日 15:09 According to the decision of the CPPCC in 1949 when the People"s Republic of China was founded, military parade should be listed among the key programs of the Grand Celebrations of National Day thereafter. A total number of 11 parades were conducted during the coming ten years since then, which however were followed by a break-up for a consecutive period of 24 years. The parade was not resumed until 1984. Based on Mr. Deng Xiaoping"s proposal, the central government decided to launch a grand parade to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the nation. The latest parade happened in 1999 when the nation celebrated its 50th anniversary. In the Tian"anmen Square, a splendid cross-century parade was staged. Parade is an important form of displaying the strength of armed forces and building up national confidence and pride. In general, the parade includes two parts. One is the military review, in which the reviewer reviews by passing by the troops; the other is the march-past, in which the troops march in front of the reviewing stand to be reviewed. The Parade on the Founding Ceremony of the PRC(1949): marching from east to west, the 16,400-people parading troops were headed by a 2-row navy troop with the infantry division, artillery division, chariot division and cavalry division followed. Seventeen airplanes of the air force, four out of which were carried with bombs, flied over Tian"anmen to receive the review. The Second National Day Parade (1950): Commander-in-chief Zhu De released the order that the PLA should be prepared for war in view of the tension in Korea and Taiwan. On the parade, the cavalry troops reined 1,900 white horses crossing Tian"anmen Square, making up the most spectacular vision of the parade. The Third National Day Parade (1951): the group taking the lead of the troops was made up of experienced and distinguished senior military officers who were receiving training in the war college. For the first time, a group of militias showed up on the parade. The Fourth National Day Parade (1952): the public security troop made its first appearance this year. Militias of different nationalities wore their colorful folk costumes with up-to-date weapons held in hand. In the spotlight was a group of motor infantry formed by a total number of 160 motorcycles. The Fifth National Day Parade (1953): the delegation of Chinese People"s Volunteers made its appearance in the Tian"anmen reviewing stand. For the first time the rocket artillery group was among the parading troops. The Sixth National Day Parade (1954): paratroops were present though no parachuting was performed. This is the last time that the cavalry troop of the PLA was reviewed on the parading ceremony. The Seventh National Day Parade (1955): this is the first parading ceremony since the system of military ranks was implemented among PLA. Dressed in new military uniforms with military ranks and collar badge on them, the officers and soldiers took on an entirely new look. The Eighth National Day Parade (1956): this is the only parade that takes place amid heavy rain. Among the guests of the ceremony were representatives of Communist Parties and Workers" Parties from over 50 countries, who were invited to attend the 8th Party Congress. The Ninth National Day Parade (1957): the Chinese-made jet bomber and fighter received the review for the first time. The Tenth National Day Parade (1958): the most spectacular figures were the students from military academies and various military schools established by the PLA after the founding of PRC. These schools involved different military areas including infantry, artillery, armored force, engineers, air force and navy. The Eleventh National Day Parade (1959): the number of people attending the ceremony reached as high as 700,000. All of the cutting-edge equipments, including automatic rifles, cannons, tanks and high-speed jet fighters were manufactured based on China"s own efforts. The Twelfth National Day Parade (1984): this is a grand parade with the largest scale, most updated equipments and highest mechanization level since 1949. All of the weapons and equipments were made in China. The missile troop of navy, the ground-to-air missile troop of air force and the strategic missile troop made up the most spectacular vision. The strategic missile troop presented itself for the first time on the parade. The Thirteenth National Day Parade (1999): attending the parade are the land force, the navy, the air force, the armed police and the local police, which represent the overall power of the Chinese arms forces. With its magnificence and spectacularity, the parade is unprecedented in PRC"s military history concerning the scale and scene, and should mark a place in the military history of the whole world. 1984年国庆阅兵视频 第一次国防力量大检阅 1983年11月中旬，在邓小平同志的亲自部署下，中共中央书记处专门召开会议，研究布置35周年国庆的庆祝和阅兵筹备工作导弹189枚，坦克装甲车205辆，火炮126门，火箭布雷车18辆，轻武器6429支（挺），汽车2216辆，组成46个方（梯）队。其中地面方队42个。每个徒步方队为14个排面，每排25人，共计352人（包括领队两人），比10周年国庆阅兵增加4个排面、110人。除战略导弹方队为4个排面，每排3辆车，加上两辆指挥车，共14辆车外，其他车辆方队均为4个排面，每排4辆车，加上两辆指挥车，共18辆。空中梯队共有4个，最大的机群为9机编队，比10周年空中编队增加4架飞机。In mid-November 1983, Comrade Deng Xiaoping personally made the arrangements, and the CPC Central Committee Secretariat held a special meeting to study the layout of the 35th anniversary of National Day celebration. The parade included 189 missiles, tanks and 205 armored vehicles, 126 artillery pieces, 18 rocket mine vehicles, 6429 (Ting) light weapons, 2216 trucks, composing of 46 side (ladder) teams.

pros and cons能上网建议先搜索下,在pros and cons 上下句子看看记下了就可以了

之前有没有体检，在抛光岗位的时候！

http://hi.baidu.com/%B7%E8%D7%D3%C4%CF%CF%C2zj/blog/item/34edf4100d3565c0a6ef3f76.html这个帖子里很全，有解释也有色卡，希望能帮到你

8000series courses可以翻译为：1、“8000系列的课程（8000是课程系列代号）”2、“8000套系列课程” 英语里讲究语境，主要是看“2000series courses”是使用在哪些句子。一般你在网上搜索的“8000series courses”这个翻译应该采用上面第一个标准译法！

玩了好几年，大大小小的传奇类游戏几乎都玩了个变。有sf有官服，但说到最好玩满意的还是绿洲神途那个版本，今年刚出的，玩的人不少还挺热闹。而且不烧钱，小怪也能打到装备，封挂力度也大，适合散人。好像是三个月开一个新区吧，前几天刚开的新区。装备都非常保值，适合长期玩。最主要的就是方便，三端互通，我带个手机到哪都能玩。

professionalrequiredcourse专业必修课professionalelectivecourse专业选修课generalcompulsorycourses通识必修课通generalelectives识选修课liberalartscoursespracticeobligatory文理基础课practicecompulsorycourses实践必修课practiceofelectivecourse实践选修课accordingtothegraduationtotalcredit毕业应取得总学分totalcredit已获得总学分including其中包括

你这两种都不符合javabean规范 那个属性不用初始化，你可以这样写public class Person{ private Man man;public Man getMan(){ return man; } public void setMan(Man man){ this.man = man; }}

乐高积木暂时没有公布活动。关於圣诞节期最早的记载来自公元200年左右的亚历山太，其时亚历山太的革利免称，有些埃及神学家不仅对基督的生年，同时也对他的生日过分好奇，并把这个生日定在奥古斯都在朝的第二十八年 Pachon 月25日（即阳历5月20日）。325年的第一次尼西亚公会议时亚历山太的教会确定了 dies Nativitatis et Epiphaniae（圣诞节和主显节的日期）。在12月庆祝的圣诞于五世纪时传入埃及。在耶路撒冷，来自波尔多的朝圣者 Egeria（亦称 Silvia）见证圣烛节（圣诞后四十日）是在1月6日后的四十日，而当地圣诞应为一月六日。在安提阿，公元386年前后金口约翰呼吁教会统一在12月25日庆祝基督诞辰，其中一部分人在其他日子庆祝这一节期至少已经十年。 圣诞节传统活动 ·圣诞树 据说有一位农民在一个风雪交加的圣诞夜里接待了一个饥寒交迫的小孩，让他吃了一顿丰盛的圣诞晚餐，这个孩子告别时折了一根杉树枝插在地上并祝福说：“年年此日，礼物满枝，留此美丽的杉树，报答你的好意。”小孩走后，农民发现那树枝竟变成了一棵小树，他才明白自己接待的原来是一位上帝的使者。这个故事就成为圣诞树的来源。 ·圣诞节节礼 指西方人过圣诞节时给邮差或佣人的节礼，通常放在一个小盒里，所以英文称为”Christmas Box"。 ·圣诞帽 Santa"shat那是一顶红色帽子，据说晚上戴上睡觉除了睡得安稳和有点暖外，第二天你还会发现在帽子里多了点心爱的人送的礼物。在狂欢夜它更是全场的主角，无论你到那个角落，都会看到各式各样的红帽子，有的是帽尖发亮的，有的是金光闪闪的。 自从圣诞庆祝习俗在北欧流行之后，结合着北半球冬季的圣诞装饰和圣诞老人神话出现了。 ·圣诞老人和他带来的礼物 圣诞老人，据说他原是小亚细亚每拉城的主教，名叫圣尼古拉，死后被尊为圣徒，是一位身穿红袍、头戴红帽的白胡子老头。每年圣诞节他驾着鹿拉的雪橇从北方面来，由烟囱进入各家，把圣诞礼物装在袜子里挂在孩子们的床头上或火炉前。 圣诞节送礼物已经接近成为一个全球通行的习惯了.神秘人物带给小孩子们礼物的概念衍生自圣尼古拉斯，尼古拉斯是一位4世纪生活在小亚细亚的好心主教。荷兰人在圣尼古拉斯节(12月6日)模仿他送礼物.在北美洲,英国殖民者把这一传统溶入圣诞假期的庆祝里，而Sinterklaas也就相应的成为圣诞老人或者称为Saint Nick(圣尼克)的人物了。在英籍美国人的传统中，圣诞老人总是快活的在圣诞前夜乘着驯鹿拉的雪橇到来，他从烟囱爬进屋内，留下给孩子们的礼物，吃掉孩子们为他留下的食物，（牛奶和饼干）。他在一年中的其他时间里忙于制作礼物和监督孩子们的行为并记录下来。 法语中圣诞老人叫做Père Noel，他和圣诞老人几乎完全一样，其红白相间的衣服曾经使可口可乐公司获得灵感,在1930年代画出了传遍世界的圣诞老人形象.在一些文化中,圣诞老人身旁跟随着Knecht Ruprecht，或是称作"黑彼得"(Black Peter)的家伙。一些版本中，玩具作坊里的侏儒制作了节日礼物，有时圣诞老人与圣诞夫人是夫妻。圣诞季期间,在北美和英国的很多超市里,都有小孩可以向其要礼物的圣诞老人出现。 在许多国家里，孩子们准备好空的容器，以便圣诞老人可以装进一些小礼物，如玩具，糖果或水果。在美国，孩子们平安夜在壁炉上悬挂圣诞袜，因为圣诞老人说过要在圣诞前夜从烟囱下来把礼物放到袜子里。在其他国家，孩子们把空鞋放到户外，以便圣诞老人可以在圣诞前夜（或圣尼古拉斯日12月5日）赠送礼物。赠送礼物不单单是指圣诞老人，家庭成员和朋友也互相给予礼物。 在许多国家，圣尼古拉斯日仍然是互赠礼物的日子。德国很多地方，12月5日晚上，小孩儿们把鞋子拿出放在窗台上，第二天早上他们将发现鞋里放满了糖果和小礼物。在德国，主要的送礼日期是12月24日，圣诞老人带来礼物或放在圣诞树下。在匈牙利也是如此，只是送礼的人是小耶和华，而不是圣诞老人。 在很多地区，包括荷兰，圣诞假日仍然保存了它的宗教性质。而在西班牙和其他一些有相似传统的国家里，在1月6日主显节送礼物的人则是祭司(Magi)，算命人和异教牧师。 歌曲圣诞十二日道出了其中一个送礼习俗。当中描述了英国人传统上会从圣诞节到显现节每天互送礼物庆祝。在世界大部份地方，圣诞礼物都是在平安夜晚上或圣诞节早上送出的。直至不久以，英国人都是于节礼日送礼给朋友的。 ·圣诞贺卡 是祝贺圣诞及新年的贺卡，上面印着关于耶稣降生故事的图画，以及“庆祝圣诞、新年快乐之类的祝愿的话。 圣诞贺卡可以分：卡片式和网页式贺卡两种 圣诞贺卡(圣诞卡片)在美国和欧洲很流行，这也是维持远处亲戚和朋友关系的一种好方法.许多家庭随贺卡带上年度家庭合照，或/和家庭新闻，新闻一般包括家庭成

The Lottery Ticket by Anton ChekhovIvan Dmitritch, a middle-class man who lived with his family on an income of twelve hundred a year and was very well satisfied with his lot, sat down on the sofa after supper and began reading the newspaper."I forgot to look at the newspaper today," his wife said to him as she cleared the table. "Look and see whether the list of drawings is there.""Yes, it is,What is the number?"said Ivan Dmitritch;"Series 9,499, number 26.""All right . . . we will look .Ivan Dmitritch had no faith in lottery luck, and would not, as a rule, have consented to look at the lists of winning numbers, but now, as he had nothing else to do and as the newspaper was before his eyes, he passed his finger downwards along the column of numbers. And immediately, as though in mockery of his scepticism, no further than the second line from the top, his eye was caught by the figure 9,499! Unable to believe his eyes, he hurriedly dropped the paper on his knees without looking to see the number of the ticket, and, just as though some one had given him a douche of cold water, he felt an agreeable chill in the pit of the stomach; tingling and terrible and sweet!"Masha, 9,499 is there!" he said in a hollow voice.His wife looked at his astonished and panicstricken face, and realized that he was not joking."9,499? And the number of the ticket?"she asked, turning pale and dropping the folded tablecloth on the table."Oh yes! There"s the number of the ticket too. But stay . . . wait! No, I say! Anyway, the number of our series is there! Anyway, you understand...."Looking at his wife, Ivan Dmitritch gave a broad, senseless smile, like a baby when a bright object is shown it."It is our series," said Ivan Dmitritch, after a long silence. "So there is a probability that we have won. It"s only a probability, but there it is!""Well, now look!""Wait a little. It"s on the second line from the top, so the prize is seventy-five thousand. That"s not money, but power, capital! And in a minute I shall look at the list, and there--26! Eh? I say, what if we really have won?"The husband and wife began laughing and staring at one another in silence. The possibility of winning bewildered them; they could not have said, could not have dreamed, what they both needed that seventy-five thousand for, what they would buy, where they would go. They thought only of the figures 9,499 and 75,000 and pictured them in their imagination.Ivan Dmitritch, holding the paper in his hand, walked several times from corner to corner, and only when he had recovered from the first impression began dreaming a little."And if we have won," he said--" it will be a new life, it will be a transformation! The ticket is yours, but if it were mine I should, first of all, of course, spend twenty-five thousand on real property in the shape of an estate; ten thousand on immediate expenses, new furnishing . . . travelling . . . paying debts, and so on. . . . The other forty thousand I would put in the bank and get interest on it.""Yes, an estate, that would be nice," said his wife, sitting down and dropping her hands in her lap.And pictures came crowding on his imagination, each more gracious and poetical than the last. And in all these pictures he saw himself well-fed, serene, healthy, Here, after eating a summer soup, cold as ice, he lay on his back on the burning sand close to a stream . His little boy and girl are crawling about near him, digging in the sand or catching ladybirds in the grass. He dozes sweetly, thinking of nothing, and feeling all over that he need not go to the office today, tomorrow, or the day after. Or, tired of lying still, he goes to the hayfield, or to the forest for mushrooms, to take longer walks beside the river,契诃夫的彩票　　　　伊万,中产阶级的男子和他的家人住在一个一千二百零一年的收入很满意他的很多,晚饭后在沙发上坐下来,开始看报纸。　　　　我忘了看今天的报纸,”他的妻子对他说,她清理桌子。“看看图纸列表是否有”。　　　　“是的,它是,号码是多少?伊万说; 　　　　9499系列数字26。　　　　“好。我们将看看。　　　　在彩票的运气伊万本来就不太相信,不会,一般来说,已经同意看的号码,但是现在,他无事可做,如报纸在他眼前,他通过他的手指向下沿列的数字。立刻,仿佛在嘲笑他的怀疑,没有进一步比第二行从上他的眼睛

版本差异不大没关系，变态不建议覆盖，网上还有还原补丁

class Man: public Person //子类Man{public:Man(): Person(-1, -1), sex(" "){}Man(int n, int a, char s);//声明时不能加上初始化。只有定义时才行，所以你删了:Person(n, a)，运行就正确了。void show();protected:char sex;};Man :: Man(int n, int a, char s): Person(n, a){sex = s;}就这样，LS太不专业了，根本没抓住问题本质

泛型，这个题的意思是:给人类 找寻 一个好朋友 就是 狗class Man (人类){ private Dog(就是狗) bestFriend;(找寻一个好朋友) }

“ 游戏 私服”，是指未经 游戏 版权方授权，以非法手段获得服务器端安装程序之后设立的网络服务器。私服属于网络盗版的一种，是侵犯著作权的行为。 传奇私服源头 2001年，热血传奇在国内正式上线，2002年官方公布数据显示，《传奇》同时在线用户超50万。 2002年，《传奇》 游戏 欧洲服务器早期英文版服务器端安装程序源代码泄露。随后迅速流入中国，民间汉化工作室在极短的时间内完成了《传奇》的汉化工作。很多不法商人利用各种渠道获取这些程序，在网络上私设 游戏 服务器，之后传奇私服也迅速扩散至全国各地。 传奇私服产业链 “现在市面上的《热血传奇》源代码已比较廉价，如果你没有什么特殊要求，最低只需要付出几百元就可以开设一个自己的《热血传奇》私服。”传奇 游戏 私服已经形成了一条完整的地下产业链，包括私服开发、代理、经营以及广布、提供支付平台等环节，分工明确。 私服产业者的法律责任 2014年7月，左某、吴某、叶某、熊某、林某在未获得“热血传奇” 游戏 官方授权的情况下，在昆明市私自从网上下载热血传奇 游戏 服务端，租赁浙江温州IDC机房内服务器私自架设热血传奇 游戏 并取名“九天传奇”进行大规模运营。2014年7月至2015年7月13日，非法获利60余万元。 判刑情况：犯侵犯著作权罪，判处有期徒刑二年，缓刑二年。 从互联网上下载“热血传奇” 游戏 服务端，对服务端内的数据进行修改，租赁服务器搭建传奇私服，通过互联网聊天工具招揽 游戏 玩家进 游戏 中消费，情节严重的，构成侵犯著作权罪。 2、推广传奇私服——帮助犯罪 2013年8月至2014年7月间,被告人杨东涛、赵正权为谋取非法利益，明知杨某、杨某在互联网上非法经营私服活动，采取规避“私服”、“sf”等搜索关键词的手段，顺利通过搜狗、百度引擎的审核条件，在搜狗、百度等搜索引擎上帮助推广《热血传奇》 游戏 的私服。 判刑情况：犯侵犯著作权罪，有期徒刑十个月，缓刑一年四个月——有期徒刑一年，缓刑一年六个月。 为谋取非法利益，明知其推广的是 游戏 私服，通过信息网络帮助他人传播推广侵犯著作权的作品，违法所得数额巨大，其行为构成侵犯著作权罪。 3、传奇商人——开设赌场罪 2015年5月份被告人鲁某出资开始筹建开战传奇网站。该 游戏 网站又招募多名“元宝商人”，通过向网站平台充值及倒卖元宝赚取差价，从中获取非法利益。2015年5月份开战传奇私服 游戏 组建后， 游戏 内设有赌博 游戏 ---摇骰子猜大小，玩家可以从“元宝商人（银商）”处购买元宝，玩家点击 游戏 中的“胖妞”人物，就可以参与赌博，网站每局抽取赌博赢家5%的元宝，玩家赌赢后可以从“元宝商人”处兑换现金。 平台负责人犯开设赌场罪，判处有期徒刑五年，并处罚金500万元。 利用在互联网上建立的开战传奇 游戏 网站，在 游戏 中设立“胖妞”NPC，接受 游戏 玩家投注，供 游戏 玩家进行赌博；或明知开战传奇 游戏 中有赌博行为，以营利为目的，为赌博网站提供资金支付结算服务，均构成开设赌场罪。 4、私服一条龙——帮助犯罪 2011年4月，被告人罗某某、张某甲、钟某甲、廖某四人合伙成立了“诚信网络一条龙服务”网站，该网站先后在多家网站发布广告，宣称可以为别人提供《传奇》 游戏 私服服务项目，即帮人租服务器、装 游戏 程序、注册域名等。同时，罗某某给四人进行了分工，张某甲负责技术、财务及联系广告代理商发布传奇私服广告，其余三人负责修改传奇私服 游戏 版本及架设传奇 游戏 私服。该网站主要从事出售《传奇》 游戏 私服版本、架设《传奇》 游戏 私服及为客户代理发布《传奇》 游戏 私服广告等业务。 犯侵犯著作权罪，判处有期徒刑三年，缓刑三年——有期徒刑三年，缓刑五年。 非法从事售卖《传奇》 游戏 私服版本、架设《传奇》 游戏 私服、在网站上给《传奇》 游戏 私服做广告推广，非法经营数额巨大，其行为均构成侵犯著作权罪。 私服打击行动 传奇私服的产业链非常庞大，然而私服产业伴随着巨大的法律风险。随着国家对知识产权保护的力度不断提高，传奇私服的生存空间可能将越来越小。 安徽鑫昱网络信息咨询有限公司自获得《热血传奇》著作权人授权以来，积极开展《热血传奇》PC端衍生 游戏 宣传推广、开服授权、技术服务、市场维护等工作，致力于为广大《热血传奇》市场从业者提供高效优质的服务、维护公正 健康 有序的市场秩序、保障相关权利人的合法权益。

银河系是太阳系所在的星系，包括1000到4000亿颗恒星和大量的星团、星云，还有各种类型的星际气体和星际尘埃。银河系本体直径约为120,000光年（不考虑银冕和外围物质），中心厚度约为12,000光年。银河系总质量是太阳的2100亿倍。 银河系是棒旋星系，具有巨大的盘面结构，由明亮密集的核球、两条主要的旋臂和两条未形成的旋臂组成，旋臂相距4500光年。太阳位于银河一个支臂猎户臂上，至银河中心的距离大约是26,000光年。 银河系的中央是超大质量的黑洞（人马座A），自内向外分别由银心、银核、银盘、银晕和银冕组成。银河系中央区域多数为老年恒星（以白矮星为主），外围区域多数为新生和年轻的恒星。周围几十万光年的区域分布着十几个卫星星系，其中较大的有大麦哲伦星云和小麦哲伦星云。银河系通过吞噬周边的矮星系使自身不断壮大，虽然过程相当漫长。 银河系是本星系群中的一员，最近的星系是仙女座星系（M31）。 银河系在天空上的投影像一条流淌在天上闪闪发光的河流一样，所以古称银河或天河，一年四季都可以看到银河，只不过夏秋之交看到了银河最明亮壮观的部分。

看看玩什么版本了 真的都不一样流行的我看古惑仔吧 很多版本都能通用

月亮的故事：嫦娥奔月 相传，远古时候有一年，天上出现了十个太阳，直烤得大地冒烟，海水枯干，老百姓眼看无法再生活去。 这件事惊动了一个名叫后羿的英雄，他登上昆仑山顶，运足神力，拉开神弓，一气射下九个多余的太阳。 后羿立下盖世之功，受到百姓 的尊敬和爱戴，不少志士慕名前来投师学艺。奸诈刁钻、心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来。 不久，后羿娶了个美丽善良的 妻子，名叫嫦娥。后羿除传艺狩猎外，终日和妻子在一起，人们都羡慕这对郎才女貌的恩爱夫妻。 一天，后羿到昆仑山访友求道，巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘，便向王母求得一包不死药。据说，服下此药，能即刻升天成仙。 然而，后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里，不料被蓬蒙看到了。 三天后，后羿率众徒外出狩猎，心怀鬼胎的蓬蒙假装生病，留了下来。 待后羿率众人走后不久，蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院，威逼嫦娥交出不死药。 嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手，危急之时她当机立断，转身打开百宝匣，拿出不死药一口吞了下去。 嫦娥吞下药，身子立时飘离地面、冲出窗口，向天上飞去。由于嫦娥牵挂着丈夫，便飞落到离人间最近的月亮上成了仙。 傍晚，后羿回到家，侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事。后羿既惊又怒，抽剑去杀恶徒，蓬蒙早逃走了。气得后羿捶胸顿足哇哇大叫。悲痛欲绝的后羿，仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字。这时他惊奇地发现，今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮，而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥。 后羿急忙派人到嫦娥喜爱的后花园里，摆上香案，放上她平时最爱吃的蜜食鲜果，遥祭在月宫里眷恋着自己的嫦娥。 百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后，纷纷在月下摆设香案，向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。从此，中秋节拜月的风俗在民间传开了。 嫦娥奔月的故事以鲜明的态度和绚丽的色彩歌颂、赞美了娥娥，与古文献有关嫦娥的记载相比较，可见人们对嫦娥奔月的故事做了很多加工，修饰，使娥娥的形象与月同美，使之符合人们对美的追求。 与现代流传甚广的“嫦娥奔月”相左，《全上古文》辑《灵宪》则记载了“嫦娥化蟾”的故事：“嫦娥，羿妻也，窃王母不死药服之，奔月。将往，枚占于有黄。有黄占之：曰：‘吉，翩翩归妹，独将西行，逢天晦芒，毋惊毋恐，后且大昌。"嫦娥遂托身于月，是为蟾蜍。”嫦娥变成癞蛤蟆后，在月宫中终日被罚捣不死药，过着寂寞清苦的生活，李商隐曾有诗感叹嫦娥：“嫦娥应悔偷灵药，碧海青天夜夜心。”吴刚砍桂树 据说吴刚是因为触犯了天条而被流放到月亮上去做苦役的。 　　苦役的内容大体上和他的希腊同胞西绪福斯差不多——他必须去完成一项永无止境的工作：砍一棵并没有多大经济价值的桂花树。 　　天庭并没有给吴刚上镣铐，相反，为了显示宽大，还赠送了他一把锋利无比、据说是削铁如泥的斧头。 　　当吴刚锋利的斧头接触到桂花树的一刹那，突然间变得锈迹斑斑，迟钝无比。 　　这是因为斧头的锋利性，与吴刚思想的单纯度有关。他想得愈简单，手中的斧头就愈锋利。反之则愈钝。要命的是，吴刚一开始意志坚定，头脑敏捷，目标清晰，但是越到后来越无法控制自己的优柔寡断与心猿意马。在整个这个动作的轮回中，吴刚总是由心如止水变得思绪万千。斧头就这样迅速地变钝了。 　　因此，吴刚无法完成工作的关键，并非那棵桂树本身难以征服，而是这位悲惨的苦役工不得不花费大量的时间去磨砺斧头。 　　另一个报道的版本是这样的：吴刚之所以永远无法离开月宫，是因为他刚砍完一棵树枝，新的树枝立刻就在原地长了出来。克服这个问题的方案在于加快砍伐的速度。当吴刚足够快地挥动斧头时，新的树枝就无法生长。但是这又带来另一个新问题：吴刚会因为体力透支过度而导致心力衰竭。在死亡和完成工作之间，吴刚无法找到一个平衡点。 　　吴刚认为：永生比什么都重要。至于工作，总是有无数个明天在等待。　

答案是D

[1]A.M. Blanco. Operations management of a packaging plant in the fruit industry. [J].Journal of Food Engineering,2004,70(3) [2]C.N. Verdouw. Process modelling in demand-driven supply chains: A reference model for the fruit industry. [J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2010,73(2) [3]P. Parthanadee. Simulation modeling and analysis for production scheduling using real-time dispatching rules: A case study in canned fruit industry. [J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2009,70(1)

你这个就是vi的操作界面，你按i，就进入输入模式，跟记事本一样的操作，输入完毕按esc退到控制模式，输入shift+:就进入命令模式，然后输入wq保存文件具体请搜索相关文档如果不会就用简单的nano编辑器把。。。

找有道。

个人认为，被动语态应该有及物动词啊，可we are in need of experts不符合被动语态条件，所以不要混淆。楼上说得对，demand就是个名词

你这个就是vi的操作界面，你按i，就进入输入模式，跟记事本一样的操作，输入完毕按esc退到控制模式，输入shift+:就进入命令模式，然后输入wq保存文件具体请搜索相关文档如果不会就用简单的nano编辑器把。。。

Thank you !

外号：兄贵 ゆうやん 位置：Drum(Dr.) 经历：Clench Fists→SHULA→シド 生日：12月9日 星座：射手 身高：180 cm 体重：60 kg 血型：A型 出生地：千叶 香水：NAUTICA 弱点：不详 喜欢的颜色：不详 最喜欢的花：铃兰 最喜欢的动物： 食の烟：Seven Star，最近是Caster Mild 尊敬的人：ガッツ石松，椎名林檎 简介： - 座右铭是「努力」 - 很喜欢冬天 - 喜爱的运动是足球 - 没有耳洞的, 因为他很怕痛 - 喜欢可爱的女孩子 - 喜欢蒙面超人 (?) - 拍拖会想带那个女孩子去动物园 - 小时候得意的科目有算术和体育 - 小时候不得意的科目是社会, 理科和音乐 - 小时候想当老师和足球员 - 中学的时候跟朋友一起练吉他 - 歌喉(应该)不错! yuya的性格非常非常非常(省略1万次- -)的活泼以及外向，是sid之中的气氛活跃者，comment的时候基本只有他一个人在说话… yuya和mao之前都是shula的成员，所以到现在为止也是最好的朋友，并且是非常非常非常(省略1万次- -)的暧昧… yuya也写过sid中少量的曲子，一共4首，非常的少女系…通过曲风也可以看出yuya粗犷的外表下十分纤细的一面，其中[小さな幸せ]和之前的3首有着很大不同，曲风偏昭和年间哀愁阴暗的小调，sid特色十分强烈，绝对的推荐曲目之一。COOL轻音乐的6月精华版有SID，标题是雨之瞳缪~我是通过他认识的SID呢有一些可以在上面找到的，YUYA是个可爱的孩子~消极与积极并含~小时候喜欢下雨因为在雨里踢球很酷……比较喜欢潮湿安……

苏格兰和英格兰有什么不同？ 都是英国的一部分。苏格兰是苏格兰，英格兰是英格兰。

on the other side 是固定的搭配啊，你查字典就知道了，答案就是D .而且其它的根本就根本不能搭配在一起

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1.喜欢一个人四处走的英文句子 1、You must learn a new way to think before you can master a new way to be.在掌握新方法之前，你必须要先换一种思考方法。 2、Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving.人生就像骑单车，想保持平衡就得往前进3、Cease to struggle and you cease to live. -- Thomas Carlyle.生命不止，奋斗不息。4、Don"t rush and never settle. If it"s meant to be, it will be. -----无需匆忙，不要将就，缘分到了，就一定会在一起。 5、Waiting for you to come back into my life, is just an excuse for not completely letting go of you. 等待，不是为了你能回来，而是找个借口不离开。 2.初中英语短语翻译1.步行2.在外国跟外国人交谈3.保护森林4.忘 爱问知 步行 on foot 2。在外国 on abroad 跟外国人交谈talk with foreigners 3。 保护森林 protect forests 4。忘记去做某事forget to do sth。 忘记做过某事forget doing sth。 5。 有空 have time或be free 6。与某人交朋友make friends with sb。 7。对。 友好 be friendly to sb。 8。 从现在起 from now on 9。在。 的前面 in the front of。 。 10。 做某事有乐趣 have fun in doing sth。 11。 在将来 in the future 12。奥林匹克运动会The Olympic Games 13。 在花园里 in the garden 14。上车 get on (the car) 到达 arrive at 习惯于get used to (doing sth。 ) 用来做。 be used to do。 过去经常做。 used to do 。 相聚在一起 get together 15。 放弃give up 捐赠 donate to 16。 一杯水 a cup of water 17。 出国 go abroad 去散步 go for a walk 18。擅长 be good at 19。 与。 道别 say goodbye to 20。 取得好成绩 get good grades 21。 长得好 grow well 成长grow up 种植水稻 plant rice 22。 一个半小时 one and an hour 半小时 half an hour 一半的学生 half of students 23。 某人发生了某事 sth。 happen in sb。 24。 患头痛 have a headache 25。保持健康 keep healthy 26。 收到某人来信 hear from sb。 27。 全心全意做某事 do sth。 with all one"s heart 28。 雨下的大 rain heavily 29。在。 方面帮助某人 。 请随便吃点 Help yourselves。 情不自禁做某事 can"t help doing sth。 30。 把。 藏起来让某人找不到 ordernottobefoundbysb。 31。坚持hold on 举行运动会 hold a meeting 32。 希望做。 hope to do sth。 33。有病住院 be ill in hospital 34。 多久 how soon 35。撞的厉害 hit badly 36。 受伤严重badly hurt 伤着自己 hurt oneself 37。不忙notbusy赶紧hurryup匆忙做某事rushtodosth。 38。对某人来说做某事很重要It" dosth。 对某人很重要It"sveryimportantforsb。 39。 自我提高 improve oneself 40。代替instead of 41。 对。 感兴趣 be interested in 42。 某事令某人感兴趣 interestingtosb。43。 把。 变成。 turn 。 to。 44。向某人做自我介绍introduce oneself to someone 45。 被发明 be invented 46。邀请某人做某事 dosth。 47。在岛上 on the island 48。 加入某人一起做某事 dosth。 49。 和某人开玩笑 play a joke on sb。 50。 刚才 just now。 3.有关问路和指路的英语句子 一、问路 ①Excuse me,can you tell me where the railway station is? 打扰一下，请问火车站在哪儿？ ②Excuse me,but can you tell me the way to the train station? 劳驾，请问去火车站怎么走？ ③Excuse me,could you tell me which is the way to the nearest hospital? 劳驾，请问去最近的医院怎么走？ ④Excuse me,would you please show me the way to the post office? 请告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗？ ⑤Excuse me,would you mind telling me the way to the police station? 劳驾，请告诉我去警察局怎么走好吗？ ⑥Excuse me,how can I get to No.1 Middle School? 劳驾，请问去一中怎么走？ ⑦Excuse me,is this the right way to the People"s Park? 打扰了，请问去人民公园走这条路对吗？ ⑧Excuse me.Could you tell me if there is a Qiaotou Middle School near here? 打扰了，请问桥头中学是否在这附近？ ⑨Excuse me.Do you know how I can get to Qiaotou Middle School? =Excuse me.Do you know how to get to Qiaotou Middle School? 请问，你知道怎样去桥头中学吗？ 二、指路 ①Go straight down this street about five blocks,and you"ll see a drugstore on the corner.When you get there,turn right.You"ll see it just on your left. 沿着路往下走5个街区，你会看到一家药店在街角。当你到达那里后，向右转。你会看到店就在你的左手边。 ②Look,walk down this street for 3 blocks.Then turn right at Pennsylvania Avenue.Go straight until you see the second traffic light.And you"ll find the pizza shop.It"s on the left-hand side of the avenue. 看，沿着路往下走3个街区，在宾夕法尼亚大街向右转。一直往前走，直到你看到第二个红绿灯。你会看到披萨店在路的左边。 扩展资料 注意事项 ①问路时应首先说一声：“Excuse me.”这样可以引起对方的注意，又不失礼貌。 ②当你没听清时，你可以说一声“Excuse me,would you please say it again？”（对不起，请您再说一遍好吗？）或“I beg your pardon？”（对不起，请再说一遍好吗？）等，礼貌地要求对方重复一遍。 ③问完路后，千万不要忘记向对方说句“Thank you for helping me.”或“Thank you.” ④问路时经常会用到“向左（右）拐”这样的表达，英语对此有两种常见的说法，即turn left(right)或turn to the left(right)。表示“在左（右）边”，英语用介词on或at均可。 4.用英语写关于日常交通的句子5个 1、在道路上行走，要走人行道；没有人行道的道路，要靠路边行走。 Walk on the road, walk on the sidewalk; no sidewalk, rely on the road to walk. 2、穿越马路，要听从交通民警的指挥；要遵守交通规则，做到“绿灯行，红灯停” 。 Across the road, to obey the traffic police command; to comply with the traffic rules, do the green line, the red light stop". 3、不要翻越道路中央的安全护栏和隔离墩。 Don"t climb the security fence and isolation pier in the middle of the road. 4、不要在马路上学骑自行车；未满十二岁的儿童，不要骑自行车上街。 Don"t go to school on the road to ride a bicycle; children under twelve years of age, do not ride a bicycle in Shangjie. 5、在没有交通民警指挥的路段，要学会避让机动车辆，不与机动车辆争道抢行。 In the absence of traffic police command section to avoid motor vehicles, motor vehicle road and does not struggle to grab the line. 5.关于“梦想”“旅行”的唯美英文句子有哪些 1. We"ve been traveling, waiting for someone to be the partner of our journey, to accompany us through a memory that no one else can replace.我们一直在旅行，一直在等待某个人可以成为我们旅途的伴侣，陪我们走过一段别人无法替代的记忆。 2. Go to different places, see different scenery, know different things, feel different life.去了不同的地方，看了不同的风景，知道了不同的事，感悟了不同的人生。 3. Some things do not do now, will never do in their lifetime.有的事情现在不做，就一辈子也不会做了。 4. Dreams are not luxuries, as long as they take the first step.梦想，并不奢侈，只要勇敢地迈出第一步。5. Because of the dream, so brave to set out, choose to start, and then only for the wind and rain.因为有梦，所以勇敢出发，选择出发，便只顾风雨兼程。 6. Travel doesn"t care about the end, it"s about the people and things on the way and the wonderful memories and sights.旅游不在乎终点，而是在意途中的人和事还有那些美好的记忆和景色。7. If you don"t go out, you"ll think this is the world.如果你不出去走走，你就会以为这就是世界。 8. Life is a wonderful journey, on a train that never returns. Go through it with the new and the old. Perhaps this is the fate that a person cannot resist, have you, have me, also have him.生活是一段奇妙的旅行，就在那一去无返的火车上。与那些新人和旧人们共同经历吧！也许这就是一个人无法抗拒的命运，有你、有我、也有他。 9. I want to travel, a backpack, a person to travel, a person to witness the scenery along the way, holding the camera, taking pictures of the scenery along the way, recording the mood along the way. That"s what I want.我想去旅行，一个人背包，一个人旅行，一个人目睹沿途的风景，拿着相机，拍下沿途上的风景，记录沿途的心情。那样的生活才是我想要的。 10. One day, I will leave all my weariness and my ideal, take my camera and my computer, away from the busy, and go to empty.总有一天，我会丢下我所有的疲倦和理想，带着我的相机和电脑，远离繁华，走向空旷。11. I have seen many people, I have heard many stories, I have seen the scenery of traveling, and I have learned to grow up.背着背包的路上，看过许多人，听过许多故事，见过旅行风景，就这样，慢慢学会了长大。 12. The time that flows, all become the beautiful ornament that the road is, look at the sky, see snow, in quiet, unspoken words are good scenery.流转的时光，都成为命途中美丽的点缀，看天，看雪，安安静静，不言不语都是好风景。13. A backpack, a few books, all the songs you like, a one-way ticket, a smart heart.一个背包，几本书，所有喜欢的歌，一张单程车票，一颗潇洒的心。 14. The journey of a person, meet the most authentic self on the road.一个人的旅行，在路上遇见最真实的自己。15. A heart to walk, a picture of a couple, a sweet journey.一颗说走就走的心，一个会拍照的情侣，一段甜蜜的旅程。 6.有关问路的英语短句（请设的人物多些 Take the one-way street. 走这条单行道. You will stay on the street for a while until you hit the first traffic light. 你会走一会儿， 直到你遇到第一个红绿灯. Then take a left. 向左转. It will be Hemphill Ave. It"s two-lane traffic. 那就会是 Hemphill Ave， 它是一条双线道. Come down Hemphill Ave about five blocks. 由 Hemphill 街往下走约五个 blocks. You will see a BP gas station on your left. 在你的左手边你会看到一座 BP 加油站. Keep going 50 yards before you come to a fork roaMake a right, pass two stop signs and you will run into a Wal Mart. 向右转， 经过二个 Stop sign， 你就会遇到 Wal Mart. Keep going 50 yards before you come to a fork road. 继续走 50 码， 直到你走到一个三叉路口. The post office is just right across the street of it. 邮局就在 Wal Mart的正对面 Mr. Yang"s house is behind the post office. 杨先生的房子就在邮局后面.

We are the children

keep doing

虽然不是关于盲人的但是您看看这歌行不sarah connor的《love is color blind》 It don"t matter if you"re black 无论你是黑人 white or yellow, if you"re brown or red 白种人还是黄种人，抑或是棕色人还是红种人 let"s get down to that 都让我们一起来实现 love is color-blind 爱无定界 Verse 1: I remember when 我仍记得 I was a child and couldn"t understand 当我还是一个小孩子的时候 people having fundiscriminating all the different ones 无法理解那些人为什么要嘲笑和歧视那些与众不同的人 mama just used to say 妈妈曾经对我说 when you grow up you"ll maybe find a way 当你长大后你要 to make these people see 使人们意识到 that everything I do comes back to me 我做的每样东西都是由我自己决定的 Bridge: You gotta live your live 你应当为自己而活 we"re all the same, no one"s to blame 我们都是一样的，没有人应当被责备 they gotta live their lives 他们应当为自己而活 just play the game and let love reign 这只是一个游戏，让爱来支配吧 Chorous: It don"t matter if you"re black 无论你是黑人 white or yellow, if you"re brown or red 白种人还是黄种人，抑或是棕色人还是红种人 let"s get down to that 都让我们一起来实现 love is color-blind 爱无定界 TQ: I remeber as a young boy 我仍记得我还是小男孩的时候 I watched my neighbourhood go up in flames 我看见我的邻居的每一幕 I saw the whole thang thru tears of pain 我看到的只有他们的眼泪和伤痛 and a situation"s rackin" my brain 我的脑海里显现一个情景 I wish I could fly away and never come back again 我希望我能飞着离开这里永远不再回来 we need some lvoe y"all 我们大家都需要爱 we need some real deal help from above y"all 我们都需要来自你们真心的帮助 I mean the kids watchin" 我想说一个孩子看到 and I just can"t see it stoppin", I don"t understand 却不能阻止这一切，我不懂 I mean we all bleed the same blood, man! 我想说，人啊！我们身上都流淌着同样的血液啊 Bridge: You gotta live your life 你应该为自己而活 better than our fathers did 活得比你们的长辈更要好 let"s make some love, baby, have some kids 让我们给多点爱，让所有的孩子 they gotta live their lives 都为他们而活 and I don"t care what color they are, or u are, or we are it"s all love, baby! 我不管他们还是你们抑或是我们是什么肤色，都要相亲相爱 C-Part: You have been my mother 你可以是我的妈妈 you could have been my brother 你可以是我的兄弟 what if you were my sister 或者是我的姐妹 if you were my father? 或者是我的爸爸？ you could have been my fella 你可以是我的伙伴 you could habe been my teacher 可以是我的老师 what if you were my friend? 也可以是我的朋友？ would be so nice to meet ya 我都会很高兴遇到你

.....(Isolation )is not good for me,(Isolation )I don"t want to sit under the lemon tree..... Lemon Tree ---------------------------------------- I"m sitting here in the boring room It"s just another rainy sunday afternoon I"m wasting my time I"ve got nothing to do I"m hanging around, I"m waiting for you But nothing ever happens And I wonder I"m driving around in my car I"m driving too fast I"m driving too far I"d like to change my point of view I feel so lonely, I"m waiting for you But nothing ever happens And I wonder I wonder how I wonder why Yesterday you told me "bout the blue blue sky And all that I can see Is just a yellow lemon tree I"m turning my head up and down I"m turning turning turning turning turning around And all that I can see Is just another lemon tree sing da da da da da, de da da da da da da, de da da da de de da I"m sitting here I miss the power I"d like to go out, take in a shower But there"s a heavy cloud inside my head I feel so tired, put myself into bed Where nothing ever happens And I wonder Isolation is not good for me Isolation... I don"t want to sit on the lemon tree I"m stepping around in the desert of joy Maybe anyhow I"ll get another toy And everything will happen And you wonder I wonder how I wonder why Yesterday you told me "bout the blue blue sky And all that I can see Is just another lemon tree I"m turning my head up and down I"m turning turning turning turning turning around And all that I can see is just a yellow lemon tree and I wonder, wonder I wonder how I wonder why Yesterday you told me "bout the blue blue sky and all that I can see and all that I can see and all that I can see Is just a yellow lemon tree 回答者：yuhaitao1210 - 首席运营官 十三级 7-27 23:32Lemon Tree-柠檬树I"ll sitting here in a boring room,It"s just another rainy sunday afternoon,I"m wasting my time I got nothing to do,I"m hanging around I"m waiting for you.But nothing ever happens and I wander.I"m driving around in my car,I"m driving too fast I"m driving too far,I"d like to change my point of view,I feel so lonely I"m waiting for you,But nothing ever happens and I wander.I wander how I wander whyyesterday you told me about blue blue sky;and all that I can see is just a yellow lemmon tree,I"m turning my head up and downI"m turning turning turning turning turning aroundand all that I can see is just another lemmon tree.see,dalada,diladada...I"m sitting here I miss the power,I"d like to go out taking a shower,but there"s a heavy cloud inside my head,I fell so tired put myself into bed,but nothing ever happens and I wander.I solation is not good for me,I solation I want to sit on a lemmon tree .I"m stepping around in adesert of joy,baby anyhow I"ll got another toy,and everything will happen and you"ll wander.I wander how I wander why ?yesterday you told me about blue blue sky,and all that I can see is just a another lemmon tree;I"m turning my head up and downI"m turning turning turning turning turning aroundand all that I can see is just yellow lemmon tree,and I wander wander；I wander how I wander why,yesterday you told me about blue blue sky,and all that I can see ,and all that I can see,and all that I can seeis just yellow lemmon tree.

意见和结论价格溢价10 ％至50 ％的绿色食品实现在中国是一个明确的经济赞同中国绿色食品战略。事实上，绿色食品认证，现在增殖粮食生产内外中国，并为中国国内消费和出口，进一步认可的价值，中国的绿色食品的战略。世界上20世纪的化学转向高投入促进了农业的高劳动成本和低投入的费用，包括土地和化学品，以及转向从领导方式，以生产主义世界观，并已启用的经济待遇的环境退化和农药污染的外部因素，而不是生产成本。早在21世纪，作为农业投入成本上升，包括运输和生产成本的化学农药和化肥上升，然后生态生产和有机耕作可以变得更加经济吸引力的选择。由这与全球越来越认识到，与关注，食品中的农药残留，水和环境，和中国似乎是一个大赢家，其规模项目从化学转换为绿色食品和有机生产。

Green foodGreen food is produced by a specific mode of production and the specialized agencies finds that the use of green food signs of pollution-free, safe, high quality, nutrition-food. In many countries, green food and share many similar names, such as "eco-food","blue angel food" "health food" and "Organic Agriculture food." Green food means that the pollution-free under the conditions of cultivation, breeding, organic fertilizer material, not highly toxic, high pesticide residues in the standard environment, production technology, product processing under the health standards, the authority finds that the use of special logo and the security, High-quality, nutritional food category collectively.

1.. Eat for a Good and Healthful Life Food keeps us alive. It is our sustenance and our pleasure. But recently, research has shown that the eating habits of the average Americans may be dangerous to future health.The foods Americans now choose are oftentimes too rich in calories and fats, so this article reports a new study: Diet and Health, Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. The study, conducted by the National Research Council"s Committee on Diet and Health, concludes that balancing nutrition, calories and activity is key to enjoying a long and healthful life.The report recommends that most Americans increase physical activity to a moderate level and make changes in food choices and calories intake to maintain ideal weight. Most of us — even those of us at ideal weight — need to eat less fat so that no more than 30% of our daily calories will come from fat. That means cutting down on red meat and whole milk dairy products. Indeed, eat fish, chicken without skin, lean meats, and low — fat and no — fat dairy products. The report of the Committee on Diet and Health recommends we eat five or more 1/2 — cup servings of vegetables and fruits daily — especially green and yellow vegetables and citrus fruits. Eating more fruits and vegetables doesn"t have to mean increased calories intake. Many plant foods are nutrient — rich; they provide many vitamins and minerals for very few calories. Nutrient — rich foods are particularly important for Americans over 50. As we age, we need to eat less because our bodies need fewer calories to function properly. But we still need full measures of vitamins and minerals to release the energy in our foods and make us feel strong and healthy. 2...The lunch adds the yogurt body is healthier Sooner or later will drink one cup of milk already becomes the good custom which the very many people fostered, but you knew, after the lunch now and then the lunch drank one cup of yogurt, also could play the vital role to the health. Demonstrates according to the statistical data, our daily breakfast 热能供应 occupies the same day total heat energy demand 25% - 30%, therefore, when breakfast drinks one cup of milk can effectively supplement the heat energy; Evening just before going to sleep front drinks one cup is helpful to the increase sleep quality, lets you enter the depth sleeps soundly the condition, but also can guarantee the milk nutrition the full absorption and the digestion. Then, when lunch what advantage drinks the yogurt has? The expert points out, in the yogurt includes massive organic acid and so on lactic acids, acetic acid, they not only entrusted with the yogurt neat sour odor, but also could help it to form delicately 凝乳, thus suppressed the harmful microorganism the reproduction, simultaneously, caused the intestinal tract the alkali to reduce, the acidity increased, promotes the stomach and intestines wriggled with 消化液 the secretion. In addition, along with the yogurt production technology, the production craft unceasingly progresses, some dairy product big brands, like hoodwink the cow and so on, already turned its yogurt product in profit fresh fungus by two kinds 4 kinds, like this not only the yogurt nutritional value had the similar product a is more distinct than enhancement, its help digestion, the suppression harmful fungus function also obtained one step of strengthen. Surely do not despise the yogurt these functions, this finishes eating the lunch regarding these takes a seat no longer moves in front of the computer, is easy to cause the digestion not to be good or the fat accumulates goes to work the class says, is extremely beneficial. At the same time, in the yogurt 酪氨酸 regarding alleviates the human body which the psychological pressure oversized, is highly anxious and anxious initiates exhaustedly has the very big help. Ferments after the lactic acid fungus, pellet and so on in yogurt protein, peptide, amino acid changes small, drifts away 酪氨酸 the content greatly enhances, absorbs is also easier. The after lunch now and then the lunch drinks one cup of yogurt, may let go to work the class relaxes the mood, is all full of energy in the entire afternoon, is more advantageous to improves the working efficiency. According to one newest research discovers, the yogurt also has reduces the radiation damage, the suppression radiates the function which posterity"s lymphocyte number drops. The animal experiment proves, after takes in the yogurt the mouse to radiates bears the stress strengthens, and reduced the radiation to immunity system harm. Faces the computer regarding these long time, every time covers in the electromagnetic radiation goes to work the class says, drinks one cup of yogurt using the lunch time, is extremely beneficial regarding the health. Everybody did not forget, the lunch added the yogurt, the body is healthier! 3..As the saying goes: "Hunger breeds discontent." Today"s society, many of the hotel where they stand, rush from a variety of cuisine, in Fujian, Sichuan, Guangdong, Shandong ...... dishes outside of Italy, French, Japanese cuisine, Korean food and so on. We all know that health is to do anything for money, health is closely connected with the food. Today, we take a look at the food on the table now. Food is divided into many kinds of vegetables and fruit, beans, meat, cereals, dairy categories, such as fat. Combination of these categories into a food pyramid, all affect our health. Therefore, in order to achieve a reasonable meals with more vegetables, fruits, less meat, fat category. Cereals-based food, may be an appropriate increase in beans, dairy products category, and we have to remember that eating only eight full meals, not being choosy food anorexia, can not be overeating, eating clean food is most important. In food, contain a people"s health play an important role in the elements - vitamins. Vitamins are divided into A, B, C, D. Different vitamins have different functions. Vitamin A is usually in red, black, more food, such as carrots, black beans and so on. Its main function is to protect the eyes, can be used to protect their eyesight, the treatment of night blindness and other evidence of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables often, it is conducive to the treatment of scurvy, skin diseases. The discovery also has a story: a ship adrift at sea for several days, many sailors have had scurvy, one of a very serious disease, abandoned on a desert island. This after a number of sailors to eat lemons, did not expect that scurvy disappeared. The news of a spread of 100. Lemon after scientists found a large quantity of vitamin C, used to treat disease scurvy. Vitamin B, D and there are many functions, not in this more. Of course, we should pay attention: do not mix in some food to eat, in order to avoid danger. Such as shrimp and vitamin C at the same time can not eat, crabs can not eat persimmons with

形容太阳的比喻句子： .太阳终于出来了，照在江面上，红红的一片，象火一样。 .太阳慢慢地透过云霞，露出了早已胀得通红的脸庞，像一个害羞的小姑娘张望着大地 .红红的太阳像一个熟透的红苹果。 .太阳终于出来了,宛如一艘巨轮驶出了地平线. .太阳像个大火球似地悬在天上 .太阳离开地平线了，红彤彤的，仿佛是一块光焰夺目的玛瑙盘，缓缓地向上移动 .太阳如一个美丽的红球，在每时每刻，都陪在我们身旁 .太阳露出了一张红彤彤的脸，像个害羞的小姑娘。 .太阳终于出来了，如同一艘巨轮驶出了地平线。 .这时的太阳已经收起了光芒，变成一个红红的大圆盘，看起来真可爱。 .太阳像座个火山漂浮在苍穹上 .红日像一炉沸腾的钢水，喷薄而出，金光耀眼。 .早晨，太阳如同一个刚过门的新媳妇，羞答答地露出半个脸来 .太阳像一个大灯笼一样。 .太阳像一个灯笼一样出来了 .太阳像一个大大的红气球，照亮世界。 .太阳像个大喷壶把一壶的颜料毫不吝啬的用来涂抹世界 太阳像什么的英文比喻句子 早晨，太阳像个刚出门的新媳妇，羞答答地露出半个脸来。 In the morning, the sun is like a new daughter-in-law who has just gone out of the house, showing half of her face in shame. .太阳像一个火球,像小姑娘红扑扑的脸蛋。 The sun is like a fireball, like a little girl"s red face. .太阳像个大喷壶把一壶的颜料毫不吝啬的用来涂抹世界。 The sun is like a big watering can. It uses a pot of paint to paint the world. .太阳像个老大老大的火球，光线灼人，公路被烈日烤得发烫，脚踏下去一步一串白烟 . the sun is like a big boss"s fireball. The light is burning. The road is scorched by the hot sun. Step by step, a bunch of white *** oke comes down .傍晚，太阳已经收起了光芒，如同一个红红的大圆盘，看起来真可爱。 In the evening, the sun has put down its light, like a big red disk, it looks lovely. .太阳像小姑娘一样羞羞答答地出来了。 The sun came out like a little girl. .这时的太阳已经收起了光芒，变成一个红红的大圆盘，看起来真可爱。 . at this time, the sun has turned into a big red disk. It looks lovely. .太阳终于升上了天空，发出强烈的光芒，金灿灿的，像一块块金子掉落人间 . the sun finally rose to the sky, sending out a strong light, golden, like pieces of gold falling into the world .太阳像个大皮球，正慢慢向下“滚” The sun is like a big ball, rolling down 扩展阅读：其他描写太阳的句子 海面上跃出一轮红日，鲜艳夺目，海空顿时洒满了金辉，海面由墨蓝一变而为湛蓝。 烈日把他黑黝黝的脊梁晒得似乎要冒出油来。 阳光被层层叠叠的树叶过滤，漏到他身上变成了淡淡的圆圆的轻轻摇曳的光晕。 两旁高大的杨树，枝叶都被夕阳镀上一层金红色。 太阳在朝霞的迎接中，露出了红彤彤的面庞，霎时，万道金光透过树梢给水面染上了一层胭脂红。 炎炎的烈日高悬当空，红色的光如火箭般射到地面上，地面着了火，反射出油在沸煎时的火焰来。 太阳慢慢地透过云霞，露出了早已胀得通红的脸庞，像一个害羞的小姑娘张望着大地。 远处巍峨的群山，在阳光照映下，披上了金黄色的外衣，显得格外美丽。 金色的阳光透过缝隙，洒在褐色土地滋生的小草上。 冬天的太阳像月亮一样苍白无力。 那刺穿云块的阳光就像根根金线，纵横交错，把浅灰蓝灰的云朵缝缀成一幅美丽无比的图案。 刚刚起身的太阳呵，精神抖擞，红光四溢，把整个世界照得通亮。 朝阳开始像一盏扁圆的宫灯冉冉升到空中，霎时，便形成滚圆的火轮，高高升起，喷射出万道金幅，给万物罩上一层灿烂的霞辉。 金灿灿的阳光倾泻下来，注进万顷碧波，使单调而平静的海面而变得有些色彩了。 夕阳的余辉透过霞云，洒在江心，形成一线闪烁的金斑。 金灿灿的朝晖，渐渐染红了东方的天际，高高的黄山主峰被灿烂的云霞染成一片绯红。 太阳泛起火红的笑脸，使朦胧的校园豁然揭去纱帐。 太阳一年操劳到头，忙到冬天，就筋疲力尽，几乎放不出热力来了。 残阳从西山上斜射过来，地面的一切都罩在一片模糊的玫瑰色之中。 红艳艳的太阳光在山尖上时，雾气像幕布一样拉开了，城市渐渐地显现在金色的阳光里。 太阳正被薄云缠绕着，放出淡淡的耀眼的白光。 天空一碧如洗，灿烂的阳光正从密密的松针的缝隙间射下来，形成一束束粗粗细细的光柱，把飘荡着轻纱般薄雾的林荫照得通亮。 雪停了，夕阳把云彩轻轻推开，吐出了淡淡的粉红。 没有敢抬头看一眼太阳，只觉得到处都耀眼，空中屋顶地上，都是白亮亮的一片，白里透着点红，由上到下整个像一面极大的火镜，每条都是火镜的焦点，仿佛一切东西就要燃烧起来。 朝阳把它的光芒射向湖面，微风乍起，细浪跳跃，搅起满湖碎金。 太阳更低了，血一般的红，水面上一条耀人眼睛的广阔的光波，从海洋的边际直伸到小船边沿。 忽然，迎面升起一轮红日，洒下的道道金光，就像条条金鞭，驱赶着飞云流雾。 毒辣辣的阳光晒红了高粱，蒸黄了枫叶，烤焦了旁山公路。 火红的旭日刚刚透出海平面，给美丽恬静的大海抹上一层玫瑰色。 灿烂的阳光穿过树叶间的空隙，透过早雾，一缕缕地洒满了校园。 盛夏的阳光真像火烫的辣椒水，坦荡荡的街上，没有一块荫凉地。雄壮巍峨的山峰被夏日的骄阳镀上了一层金色，更显得峻峭，壮观! 太阳落山了，它那分外的强光从树梢头喷射出来，将白云染成血色，将青山染成血色。 天际出现了一抹紫红色的朝晖，像绽开的红玫瑰。 太阳一到秋天，就将它的光芒全撒向人间。瞧，田野是金黄的，场地是金黄的，群山也是金黄的。 这时候正是早上八九点钟，明亮的阳光在树叶上涂了一圈又一圈金色银色的光环。 晚秋了，太阳懒洋洋地挂在天上，像个老公公露着笑脸在打瞌睡。 阳光透过淡薄的云层，照耀着白茫茫的大地，反射出银色的光芒，耀得人眼睛发花。 早晨，太阳像个刚出门的新媳妇，羞答答地露出半个脸来。 春天，那太阳暖洋洋的，它伸出漫暖的大手，摩挲得人浑身舒坦。 深秋的太阳像被罩上橘红色灯罩，放射出柔和的光线，照得身上脸上，暖烘烘的。 和煦的阳光，透过稠密的树叶洒落下来，成了点点金色的光斑。 夕阳的半个脸蛋已经没入地平线，黄昏夹着习习凉风飘然而至。 早晨的太阳，像牛车的轱辘那么大，像熔化的铁水一样艳红，带着喷薄四射的光芒，坐在东方的岭脊上，用手撩开了轻纱似的薄雾。 阵阵春风，吹散云雾，太阳欣然露出笑脸，把温暖和光辉洒满湖面。 晴空万里，天上没有一丝云彩，太阳把面烤得滚烫滚烫。 天空被夕阳染成了血红色，桃红色的云彩倒映在流水上，整个江面变成了紫色，天边仿佛燃起大火。 太阳刚刚升上山头，被鲜红的朝霞掩映着，阳光从云缝里照射下来，像无数条巨龙喷吐着金色的瀑布。 骄阳的两道光柱穿过房间，宛如两条透明的金带，内中闪耀着星星点点的尘埃。 路旁的树枝切割着夕阳，把光的碎屑不断地洒向染金的地面。 满天红云，满海金波，红日像一炉沸腾的钢水，喷薄而出，金光耀眼。

The sun is the star at the center of the solar system, it is almost an ideal sphere of hot plasma and magnetic field intertwined with. Diameter of about 1392020 km, equivalent to 109 times the diameter of the earth; quality is about 1.98 × 10 ^ 30 Qianke (Earth 330,000 times), accounting for 99.86% of the total mass of the solar system. From the chemical composition, about three-quarters of the mass of the sun is hydrogen, and the remaining almost all helium, including oxygen, carbon, neon, iron and other heavy elements, is less than 2% by mass.Sun"s stellar spectral classification for the G-type main sequence star (G2V). While it is white, but because in the most intense in the yellow-green part of the spectrum of visible light scattering of the atmosphere, when viewed from the surface of the Earth, the sky became blue, so it is yellow, and thus are informally known as the "yellow dwarf. " In the spectral classification marking G2 indicates its surface temperature is about 5778K (5505 ° C), V indicates that the Sun, like most other stars, is a main-sequence star, its energy from hydrogen together into helium nuclei fusion reaction. The core of the sun burning 600 million to 20 million tonnes of hydrogen per second. Sun once astronomers think a tiny ordinary stars, but because most of the stars in the Milky Way are red dwarfs, and now that the sun should be more than 85% of the stellar bright. The absolute magnitude of the sun is 4.83, but because of its very close to the Earth, from the Earth, it is the brightest object in the sky, the apparent magnitude reached -26.74. The high temperature of the corona of the sun continued to expand to the space created by the solar wind heliospheric top extends to 100 astronomical units away. "Bubbles" formed by the solar wind is called the heliosphere, is the largest continuous structure in the solar system.The orbit of the Earth"s revolution around the sun is elliptical, in July of each year from the sun to the farthest (called aphelion), January (called perihelion), the average distance is called the distance of $ 49.6 million kilometers (astronomy 1 astronomical units). To count the average distance, the light from the sun to the earth takes about 8 minutes and 19 seconds after. The energy in sunlight through photosynthesis, such as supporting the growth of all life on Earth, and also dominated the Earth"s climate and weather. Humans since prehistoric times has been the Sun on the Earth has a huge impact on many cultures worship the sun as a god. Correct scientific understanding of the sun"s slow progress, until the early 19th century, a distinguished scientist fishes have little knowledge of the material composition and the energy source of the sun. Until today, the human understanding of the sun has been constantly in progress, as well as a large number of solar activity mechanism mysteries waiting to be cracked.The angular diameter of the sun round face in the sky 32 arcminutes, very close to the angular diameter of the moon seen from Earth, is a wonderful coincidence (the diameter of the Sun is about 400 times that of the moon and the Earth-Moon distance from our distance just 400 times), eclipse looks particularly spectacular. As the sun away from us much closer than any other star, its apparent magnitude reached -26.8 on Earth to see the brightest objects. Sun every 25.4 days rotates once every 200 million years one revolution around the center of the galaxy. The sun"s rotation is slightly flat with perfect spherical difference of 0.001%, equivalent to the equatorial radius and polar radius difference 6km (the Earth this difference of 21km, the moon is 9 km, Jupiter 9000km, Saturn 5500km). Differences, though small, but measuring this flatness is very important, because any slightly larger flat level (0.005%) even if it is the change of solar gravity on the orbit of Mercury, leaving according to the Mercury perihelion precession of the theory of general relativity do the test to become credible. [1]Edit this paragraphBasic parametersObservational dataDay to an average distance (1 astronomical unit): 1.49597870 × 10 ^ 11 meters (150 million km)Maximum distance Sun-Earth: 1.5210 × 10 ^ 11 metersThe closest distance of the Sun-Earth: 1.4710 × 10 ^ 11 metersAphelion and perihelion distance difference of 500 million metersApparent magnitude: -26.74Absolute magnitude: 4.83Bolometric magnitude: -26.82Absolute bolometric magnitude: 4.75There are a total solar eclipsePhysical dataDiameter: about 1,392,020 kilometers (109 times the diameter of the Earth)Surface area: about 6.09 x 10 ^ 12 square kilometersVolume: about 1.412 × 10 ^ 18 cubic kilometers (1.3 million times that of the Earth)Quality: about 1.989 × 10 ^ 30 kilograms (earth 333,400 times)Density: about 1411 kg / cubic meterAbout relative to the Earth"s density: 0.26Approximately with respect to the density of water: 1.409About surface gravity: 2.74 × 10 ^ 2 m / s ^ 2 (27.9 times the Earth"s surface gravity)About surface temperature: 5770 openCenter temperature: about 15 millionCoronal temperature: 5 × 200 openLuminosity (LS): about 3.827 x 10 ^ 26 J s-1Edit this paragraphOrbital dataRotation periodEquator: about 27 days, 6 hours and 36 minutesLatitude 30 °: 28 days 4 hours 48 minutesLatitude 60 °: about 30 days 19 hours 12 minutesLatitude 75 °: about 31 days 19 hours 12 minutesAround the center of the Milky Way orbital period of about 2.25 × 10 ^ 8 yearsOther dataSun Life: about 100 million years (now about 4.6 billion years)Sun Age: about 46 billion yearsAstronomical symbols: ☉Solar activity cycle: 11.04 yearsTotal radiated power: 3.86 × 10 ^ 26 wattsLaid (joules / sec)Solar constant f = 1.97 card · cm ^ 2 · min -1Spectral type: G2VThe sun"s surface escape velocity = 618 km / sec.Near Earth solar wind speed: 450 km / sec.Solar motion (direction alpha = 18h07m, δ = 30 °) = 19.7 km / secEdit this paragraphOrbitOrion spiral arm of the sun is located in the north of the galactic plane, from the center of the galaxy is about 30,000 light-years north of 26 light-years away in the galactic plane, which on the one hand around the galactic center to rotate at a speed of 250 kilometers per second, the cycle is probably 250 million years, on the other hand with a speed of 19.7 kilometers per second relative to the surrounding stellar toward Vega near the direction of movement. Sun also rotates, its cycle in the the heliographic equatorial belt about 25 days; the poles District about 35 days.The sun is currently moving through the edge of the Orion Arm of the Milky Way internal local bubble in the interstellar clouds. In the 50 nearest stellar system (the closest one is a red dwarf called Proxima distance distance of 17 light years of the Earth about 4.2 light years) from the sun, the sun"s mass, these stars came in fourth. Sun around the Milky Way revolves 24000-26000 light years away from the galactic center, from Galaxy Arctic bird"s eye view of the sun clockwise orbit, about of million years detour of 200 million 25000000-200000000 5000 one week. Since the Milky Way in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) to a speed of 550 km / s in the direction toward the Hydra, the synthesis of these two speeds, the sun relative to the CMB speed is 370 km / s, toward Crater Leo the direction of movement.

类模块的循序渐进本示例演示了如何用类模块定义类（然后可以用它创建对象）。还将展示如何为新的类创建属性和方法并演示对象是如何创建和撤消的。打开一个新的“标准 EXE”工程，在“工程”菜单中选中“添加类模块”插入一个类模块。在窗体上画四个按钮。下表列出了本示例中要设置的对象属性值。对象 属性 设置值 Class 类模块 Name Thing Command1 Caption 显示该 Thing Command2 Caption 颠倒该 Thing 的名称 Command3 Caption 创建新的 Thing Command4 Caption 临时的 Thing 注意 类模块保存在扩展名为 .cls 的文件中。添加下列代码到类模块的声明段：Option ExplicitPublic Name As StringPrivate mdtmCreated As Date变量 Name 将成为 Thing 对象的属性，因为它声明为 Public。注意 不要把这个 Name 属性和上表设置的类模块的 Name 属性混淆（类模块的 Name 属性为 Thing 类提供了名称）。为什么要给 Thing 类命名呢？最好应该反过来问，为什么不？应该给 Thing 类一个名称因为事物总是有名称的！应该知道 Visual Basic 使用属性和方法的名称并没有什么特殊点。可以为自己不同的类使用相同的属性和方法名。变量 mdtmCreated 是私有数据成员，用于存储只读的 Created 属性的值。Created 属性返回 Thing 对象产生的日期和时间。为了实现 Created 属性，将以下 Property Get 代码添加到类模块的声明部分：Property Get Created() As Date Created = mdtmCreatedEnd Property注意 如果通过“工具”菜单下的“添加过程”对话框添加属性过程，应确认删除了 Property Let 声明，它是通过本对话框自动添加的。Property Let 只用于读写属性，参见“运用属性过程”部分。Thing 对象有一个方法 ReverseName，用于颠倒 Name 属性的字母顺序。它不返回值，因此是一个 Sub 过程。向类模块添加以下 Sub 过程。Public Sub ReverseName() Dim intCt As Integer Dim strNew As String For intCt = 1 To Len(Name) strNew = Mid$(Name, intCt, 1) & strNew Next Name = strNewEnd Sub类模块有两个事件：Initialize 和 Terminate。从类模块的“对象”下拉列表中，选择“类”。下拉出的“过程”列表将显示事件。将以下代码放到事件过程中：Private Sub Class_Initialize() "设置对象创建的日期/时间， " 由只读的 Created 属性返回。 mdtmCreated = Now "显示对象属性。 MsgBox "Name: " & Name & vbCrLf & "Created: " _ & Created, , "Thing Initialize"End SubPrivate Sub Class_Terminate() "显示对象属性。 MsgBox "Name: " & Name & vbCrLf & "Created: " _ & Created, , "Thing Terminate"End Sub一般 Initialize 事件包含了对象创建时所需的所有代码，如为 Created 属性提供时间标记。Terminate 事件包含撤消对象后进行清理的所有代码。本示例中，两个事件主要用来提供 Thing 对象创建或撤消的可视化指示。Thing 对象的使用添加以下代码到窗体模块的声明段：Option ExplicitPrivate mth As Thing变量 mth 保存了对一个 Thing 对象的引用，该对象是在窗体的 Load 事件中产生的。将以下代码分别添加到 Form_Load 事件过程及四个按钮的 Click 事件过程中。Private Sub Form_Load() Set mth = New Thing mth.Name = InputBox("Enter a name for the Thing")End Sub"按钮“显示该 Thing”Private Sub Command1_Click() MsgBox "Name: " & mth.Name & vbCrLf _ & "Created: " & mth.Created, , "Form Thing"End Sub"按钮“颠倒该 Thing 的名称”Private Sub Command2_Click() mth.ReverseName "单击“显示该 Thing” Command1.Value = TrueEnd Sub"按钮“创建新的 Thing”Private Sub Command3_Click() Set mth = New Thing mth.Name = InputBox( _ "Enter a name for the new Thing")End Sub"按钮“临时的 Thing”。Private Sub Command4_Click() Dim thTemp As New Thing thTemp.Name = InputBox( _ "Enter a name for the Temporary Thing")End Sub运行工程按 F5 键运行该工程。观察 Form_Load 事件过程可知 New 操作符用于创建 Thing 对象。对该对象的引用赋给了变量 mth。InputBox 函数要求输入 Thing 的名称。输入名称并按 ENTER 键后，返回值被赋予 Thing 对象的 Name 属性。显示窗体 Thing可以通过按下第一个按钮“显示该 Thing”来验证所赋的 Name 属性值，此时将显示一个包含了 Thing 对象所有属性的消息框。颠倒 Thing 的名称按第二个按钮“颠倒该 Thing 的名称”。该按钮调用 ReverseName 方法把 Thing 对象的名称倒过来，然后按第一个按钮显示更新过的属性值。创建新的 Thing单击“创建新的 Thing”按钮撤消已存在的 Thing 对象后再创建一个新的对象。（或，反过来进行，创建一个新的 Thing 对象然后撤消旧的。）New 操作符创建一个新的 Thing，因此可以看见新 Thing 的 Initialize 事件显示的消息框。单击“确定”，对新 Thing 的引用被赋给了窗体级的变量 mth。这样做清除了对旧的 Thing 的引用。由于不再有引用，所以它被撤消，因此可以看到 Terminate 事件的消息框。单击“确定”后，InputBox 语句要求输入新 Thing 的名称。注意 如果希望在创建新的 Thing 之前撤消旧的，可以添加代码 Set mth = Nothing 到事件过程的开始部分。临时的 Thing第四个按钮演示了对象存活期的另一个方面。按下后，将提示输入临时 Thing 的名称。可是等一等，这还不是一个临时的 Thing 对象。还没有见到其 Initialize 消息框，怎么赋给它名称呢？由于变量 thTemp 已被 As New 声明过了，因此当一个属性或方法被使用时就会创建 Thing 对象。这将发生在输入框返回的值被赋给 Name 属性时。在输入框键入名称后单击“确定”。此时可以看到 Initialize 的消息框，其中的 Name 属性还是空白。当单击“确定”关闭消息框后，InputBox 语句的值终于赋给了 Name 属性。看看这一行代码作了多少事。当然，当完成了这一切后，Click 事件过程也结束了，变量 thTemp 也超出可见范围，对临时 Thing 的对象引用也被释放，因此可以看到 Thing 的 Terminate 消息框，注意其中包含所提供的名称。每次单击该按钮将创建另一个临时 Thing，并进行命名，将它撤消。关闭程序单击窗体的“关闭”按钮可终止应用程序。不要使用工具栏上的 End 按钮。应用程序终止时，Form1 被撤消。变量 mth 也超出可见范围，Visual Basic 清除对 Thing 的引用。由于已不存在对 Thing 的引用，因此被撤消并显示 Terminate 事件的消息框。再次运行应用程序，这次用工具栏上的 End 按钮终止程序。注意这时没有显示 Thing 对象的 Terminate 消息框。应特别记住使用 End 按钮终止应用程序或在代码中用 End 语句立即退出应用程序，并不能运行任何对象的 Terminate 事件。最好能通过卸载所有的窗体来关闭应用程序。通过 F8 键以每次运行一行代码的形式运行示例，是一个很有用的方法。这有利于理解创建和撤消对象的事件的顺序。重点 在实际的应用程序中，Initialize 和 Terminate 事件不应包含消息框或其它任何使 Windows 显示消息的代码。一般来说，调试对象的存活期时最好用 Debug.Print 语句。详细信息 窗体和控件与其它对象有一些差别，这一点将在“Visual Basic 窗体的存活期”中讨论。在“向类中添加属性和方法”和“向类中添加事件”这些节中可以读到更多有关使用类和类模块的信息。

从这个描述上看，甲供材是按照省价调整，但是甲供材一般都是材料没有人工，所以人工应该是按照市价调整计入的 为了保证投标没有问题，这些内容建议和甲方确认清楚税前参与让利 计价里面设置的时候把甲供材的费用单独提出来再取税金之前给这部分金额直接乘对应的百分比就可以了主要还是体现在计价工程的编制的取费调价里面。省价市价都是各地政府发的信息指导价，一个是省站发的一个是市站，比如陕西省站会发一个陕西省信息指导价，但是安康 宝鸡也会有当地单独发布的信息指导价。这些信息价如果需要调整都可以在广材网上进行查询。

Taylor Swift was born on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania.She is the daughter of Scott Swift, a Merrill Lynch financial adviser,and Andrea (née Gardner), a homemaker who previously worked as a mutual fund marketing executive.Swift was named after singer James Taylor; her mother believed a gender-neutral name would help her forge a successful business career.She has a younger brother, Austin, who attends Vanderbilt University.She spent the early years of her life on an eleven-acre Christmas tree farm in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and was educated at the fee-paying Wyndcroft School.When Swift was nine years old, the family moved to Wyomissing, Pennsylvania,where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School.Swift spent her summers at her parent"s vacation home in Stone Harbor, New Jersey and has described it as the place "where most of my childhood memories were formed"Swift"s first hobby was English horse riding. Her mother Andrea put her in a saddle when Swift was nine months old and she later competed in horse shows.Her family owned several Quarter horses and a Shetland pony.At the age of nine, Swift turned her attention to musical theatre and performed in Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions of Grease, Annie, Bye Bye Birdie and The Sound of Music. She travelled regularly to Broadway, New York for vocal and acting lessons. However, "after a few years of auditioning in New York and not getting anything”, Swift became interested in country music.She was inspired by LeAnn Rimes"s Blueand her maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay, an opera singer.When she was in fourth grade, Swift won a national poetry contest with a three-page poem, "Monster in My Closet". At the age of eleven, after many attempts,Swift won a local talent competition by singing a rendition of LeAnn Rimes"s “Big Deal”, and was given the opportunity to appear as the opening act for Charlie Daniels at a Strausstown amphitheater.She spent her weekends performing at local festivals, fairs, coffeehouses, karaoke contests, garden clubs and Boy Scout meetings. This interest in country music isolated Swift from her middle school peers.After watching a Behind the Music episode about Faith Hill, Swift recorded a demo of karaoke covers, and travelled with her mother to Nashville, Tennessee for spring break to leave a copy of the demo with record labels along Music Row. She received label rejections and realized that "everyone in that town wanted to do what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I need to figure out a way to be different".Swift began performing the "The Star Spangled Banner" at many sporting events, hoping she would be offered a recording contract. On one occasion, an eleven-year-old Swift high-fived Jay-Z after singing the national anthem at a 76ers game in Philadelphia. At the age of twelve, Swift was shown by a computer repairman how to play three chords on a guitar, inspiring her to write her first song, "Lucky You".She then recorded a second demo of original songs. In 2003, Swift and her parents began working with music manager Dan Dymtrow, after he spotted her singing at the US Open.Swift"s second demo then caught the attention of RCA Records, who offered the eight-grader an artist development deal. In 2004, Swift modelled for Abercrombie and Fitch as part of their "Rising Stars" campaign and had an original song included in a Maybelline Cosmetics compilation CD.When Swift was fourteen, her father transferred to the Nashville office of Merrill Lynch and the family relocated to a lake-shore house in Hendersonville, Tennessee.Swift has said her parents "presented it as a move to a nice community" rather than as her chance to become a star.Her mother has said, "We"ve always told her that this is not about putting food on our table or making our dreams come true."In Tennessee, Swift attended Hendersonville High School for her freshman and sophomore years. Later, to accommodate her touring schedule, Swift transferred to the Aaron Academy, a private Christian school which offered homeschooling services, and earned her high school diploma in 2008.

How to learn English Well?如何学好英语With the development of the society, China has stepped on the road of internationalizaion.And as all sides of reasons, English has become the international language.Thus, there are more and more Chinese learn English as to catch up with the world.Chinese government also realize this, so they require Chinese, especialy students, learn English.Then there is still a question that how to learn English well.随着社会的发展，中国已经踏上了国际化的道路。由于方方面面的原因，英语也成为了国际语言。因此，越来越多的中国人为了与世界接轨而学习英语。而中国政府也意识到这一点，所以他们要求中国人学习英语，尤其是学生。问题是如何学好英语呢？First of all, learning English well needs perseverance.Because learning English well is a long-term process.If we insist on leraning Eglish everyday, we will master it one day.If we just study it for a short time and then give up, we will gain nothing in the end.Therefore, we should stick to learn English erveryday in order to learn it well.首先，学好英语需要毅力。因为把英语学好是一个长期的过程。如果我们坚持每天学习英语，总有一天我们能够掌握它。如果我们只是学了一小段时间就放弃了，到最后我们会是什么都没有学到。因此，为了学好英语，我们应该每天学习它。Secondly, learning English well needs us open our mouth.The aim to learn a language is to speak it.No one will admit you learn a langeuage well without speaking it out.Many Chinese students have learned is“dumb English”.That is a big problem.So, in order to learn English well, we should often talk with our friends, classmates and teachers in English.第二，把英语学好我们应该开口说。学习一门语言的目的就是讲那门语言。如果你不会说，没有人会承认你把那门语言学好了。很多中国的学生所学的就是“哑巴英语”。这是一个很大的问题。因此，为了学好英语，我们应该经常和我们的朋友，同学和老师用英语交流。Thirdly, the best way to master a language is tobe personally on the scene.So I advice those people who have condition go abroad for a while.When they come back home, their oral English must have improved.第三，掌握一门语言的最好的方法就是身临其境。所以我建议有条件的人可以去国外待一段时间。当他们回国的时候，他们的口语肯定有所提高。To sum up, learning English well is not easy.But we can take masures to make it done through perseverance, talking and going abroad..总之，学好英语并非易事。但是我们可以采取措施通过坚持，讲，去国外来学好它。

wear,put on,dress up,in,bra,underwear,boot,shoe,vest,cap,hat,blouse,shirt,jacket,coat,skirt,trouser,

这是关于旅游的好处的。。。Many people ponder what they should do for a vacation and I realized a lot of people don"t seem to share my views about traveling. I believe it"s very important to see the world and different cultures. It lets us open our minds to new things and we get to experience life in exiting different ways. Traveling gives us the opportunity to disconnect from our regular life. You get to forget your problems/issues for a few weeks, it can also help you figure things out that you would not have understood without the distance traveling can give you. We all have crazy schedules, work and a family to take care of, going away alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are for you. Like the saying says: we never know what we have until we lose it. Another great benefit is the relaxation you get to do. It"s nice to live life to its fullest and enjoy a stress free time with yourself. Going on vacation lets us recharge our “batteries” by disconnecting us from our regular life. When we come back we feel invigorated and we are happy to be back in our day to day routine. It"s a very good stress remover that has a lot more to give than most people are willing to accept.Traveling increases our knowledge and widens our perspective. To view new customs, different ways of living is fantastic for the mind. It gives us a new perspective about life and especially our life, it can help us change some of our habits or even create new ones. When I travel I usually make it a point to try new food, some cultures don"t have fries in their diet and they are all skinny, others use spices to give taste and not oils or fats. Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting. You also need to visit exotic new places and discover what this wonderful world has to offer.New experiences increase our resourcefulness by living situations you would never encounter at home, this is great experience for you when you come back to your routine. I have noticed that people who traveled a lot in life were ready to embrace change and have a natural ability of overcoming problems that others would frown upon. When traveling with friends or family it creates memories for a lifetime. These memories will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens with the friendship/relationship. It can also give a new perspective on the relationship and cement the bond forever. It also gives nice stories to tell people afterwards, you can create photo albums about your trips and when you feel nostalgic you can take an hour of your life and experience the trips again by looking at your pictures. It"s never been this cheap to travel. With soaring oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end. However there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now. With the internet and all the new technology, you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it. You can choose your budget, the duration of the trip and what you want to do. I suggest to read travel blogs and see what others are experiencing, you can save yourself a few hurdles by reading about their trip.If you have some time off I suggest to take that trip and experience what life has to offer. Don"t wait or tell yourself there will be a better time to go. Take the risk, the opportunity and buy your plane ticket right now and leave. When you come back you won"t be sorry that you left, on the contrary you will be thinking of your next trip the second you come back from the airport.

creative

吧......吧主？

seven twenty-five twenty-five past seveneleven forty twenty to twelveten forty-five a quarter to elevennine thirty half past nineseven twenty twenty past sevenone fifteen a quarter past one

我们平常指的时间逝去快什么的，这里只是个统筹的概念，就不用加；当你具体或特指，还有些固定搭配，如at the same time,the next time等

What time is it?What"s the time?What day is it today?What"s the date?When does your father come back?How long have you been here?How often do you visit your grandparents?How soon wil he be back?1. 用英语问时间的套语：What time, please? 几点了?What time is it? 几点了?What"s the time, please? 请问几点了?Have you got the time? 现在几点钟?Do you have the time? 几点了?What time have you got? 现在几点了?What do you make the time? 现在几点了?Could you tell me the time? 请问现在是什么时间?Can you tell me what time it is? 你能告诉我现在是几点吗?Could you oblige me with the time, sir? 先生，请问现在几点了?What"s the date today? 今天是几号?What date is it today? 今天是几号?What"s today"s date? 今天是几号?What day is (it) today? 今天是星期几?What day of the week is it today? 今天是星期几?2. 用英语说明时间和日期的套语：It"s five (o"clock). 五点钟.。It"s just six. 刚好六点。It"s nearly [almost] eight o"clock. 差不多八点 了。It"s half past six. 六点半。It"s a quarter to seven. 七点差一刻。It"s nine thirty. 九点半。It"s a little after nine. 九点多一点。It"s not yet seven o"clock. 还不到七点呢。It"s shortly past six. 刚过六点。It"s March 10th. 三月十日。It"s May the 5th. 五月五日。It"s Monday. 是星期一。It"s midday. 是正午。It"s noon. 是正午。It"s midnight. 是午夜。3. 其他表示时是的套语：It"s time for class. 是上课的时候了。It"s time to go to school. 是上学的时候了。It"s time for us to have supper. 是我们吃晚饭的时候了。It"s time we went (were going) home. 我们该回家了。When does the shop open(close)? 这商店什么时候开门(关门)?What time do you get up? 你几点钟起床?When is your birthday? 你的生日是哪一天?When is National Day? 国庆节是哪一天?What"s the time by your watch? 你的表几点了?My watch keeps good time. 我的表走时准确。My watch says it"s twelve. 我的表十二点了。My watch is ten minutes slow (fast). 我的表慢 (快)十分钟。My watch loses (gains) five minutes a week. 我的表每周慢(快)五分钟。There are 10 minutes to go. 还有十分钟。There are 5 minutes left. 还有五分钟。【交际指南】注意不要混淆What"s the date today与What day is it today，前者意为‘今天是几号”，后者意为“今天是星期几”。由于“星期”名词 Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday....等等都以 -day 结尾，所以“问星期几”时用 What day；而date意为“日期”“年月日”，故what date用于询问日期。

(for) the first/second/last etc time(only) time will tell(the) next time/(the) last time/this timea good/bad timea long/short/limited timeahead of your/its timeahead of/behind timeall in good timeall the timeamount of timeancient timesany time (now)arrival/departure time... at a timeat a/the time whenat all timesat any one timeat no timeat no time did/was etcat one timeat some/any/that timeat the timeat the time of sthat this timeat timesat/in/during etc the time of sthbefore your timebehind the timesby the timechanges over timedinner/lunch/tea etc timedo timedo you have the time?every/each timefive/ten/many etc timesfor a timefor any length of timefor some timefor the time beingfree/spare timefrom time to timegood/bad/hard etc timeshad the time of ... lifehad ... time over againhalf the timehave a good/great/lovely etc timehave a lot of/no time for sb/sthhave all the time in the worldhave timehave time for sthhave time on your hands/time to killhave you got the time?have/get time to do sthhow many times ...?in 10 days"/five years"/a few minutes" etc timein good time/in plenty of timein no time (at all)/in next to no timein timein time forin time to do sthin time to/with sthin your own (good) timein your own timein your timeis that the time?it"s (only/just) a matter/question of timeit"s about timeit"s time for sthit"s time sb did sthit"s time to do sthjourney/travel timejust in timekeep perfect/good etc timekeep/beat timelocal timelook at the timemake good timemake/find time (for sth/to do sth)most of the timemove/change/keep up with the timesnine times out of ten/99 times out of 100 etcnot before time/and about time (too)not the time/hardly the timeon timeOne timeopening/closing timeour time(s)over timepass the time of day (with sb)passed the timeperiod of timeprecious timerace/work/battle against timeright/bang/dead on timesave timesb"s time in/at/as sthspend ... timetake time to do sthtake your timetake your time doing sthtake your time overtakes timetell the timetell timethe best/biggest etc ... of all timethe first/second/next/last etc time roundthe right timethere is timethere"s no time like the presentthere"s no time to losethis time tomorrow/last week etctime after time/time and time againtime fliestime is a great healer/heals all woundstime is moneytime is on your sidetime is running outtime of day/yeartime of lifetime of the monthtime out of mindtime passes/goes bytime to sparetime was (when)time"s uptook ... timewaste timewe"re out of timewhat time do you have?what time do you make it?when the time comeswith time to sparewith time/given timeyour timePhrases from other entries:(for) a long time/while- see long, adj(not) for any length of time- see length, n(the) next time- see next_determinera bad time/moment etc- see bad, adja bumpy ride/time- see bumpy, adja devil of a time/job etc- see devil, na good deal of trouble/time/work etc- see good, adja long time ago- see long, adja ... short period of time- see short, adja short space of time- see short, adja short time- see short, adja stitch in time (saves nine)- see stitch, na/one bit at a time- see bit, advaccess time- see access time, nagain and again/time and (time) again/over and over again- see again, advahead of time- see ahead, advall the time in the world- see world, nample time/evidence/opportunity- see ample, adjan opportune moment/time- see opportune, adjany old thing/place/time etc- see old, adjappropriate time/place etc- see appropriate, adjas good a time/place etc as any- see good, adjas time goes by- see go, vat any given time/moment- see given, adjat harvest/at harvest time- see harvest, nat some time in the future- see future, nat the appointed time- see appoint, vat the best of times- see best, nAt the present time- see present, adjat the same time- see same, adjat the time of- see of_prepAt this moment in time- see moment, nat this point in time- see point, nat this time of night- see night, nbang on time- see bang, advbe (caught/locked/stuck) in a time warp- see time warp, nbe a long time/10 years etc in the making- see making, nbe a waste of time/money/effort etc- see waste, nbe having a thin time (of it)- see thin, adjbe in the right place at the right time- see right, adjbe in the wrong place at the wrong time- see wrong, adjbe living on borrowed time- see live, vbe marking time- see mark, vbe old before your time- see old, adjbe pressed for time/cash etc- see press, vbe pressed for time/money etc- see pressed, adjbe pushed for time/money etc- see pushed, adjbe timed for sth- see time, vbe timed to do sth- see time, vbe worth the time/effort/work- see worth_prepbeat time- see beat, vbetter luck next time- see luck, nbiblical times- see biblical, adjbide your time- see bide, vbig time- see big time, nboom years/times- see boom, nbreak time- see break, nbuy (sb) time- see buy, vBy the time ... rolled around- see roll, vcall time (on sb/sth)- see call, vcalled time out- see time out, ncan"t spare the time- see spare, vclosing time- see closing time, ncomplete waste of time- see complete, adjcountless times- see countless, adjday/date/time of purchase- see purchase, ndaylight saving time- see daylight saving time, ndead on time- see dead, advdevote your time/energy/attention etc to sth- see devote, vdid ... time- see do, vdouble time- see double time, ndrinking-up time- see drinking-up time, nelapsed time- see elapse, vevery time- see every_determinerevery time sb turns around- see turn, vexact date/time/number/amount etc- see exact, adjexpend energy/effort/time/resources etc- see expend, vextended period of time- see extended, adjextra time- see extra time, nface time- see face time, nface time with- see face time, nfall on hard/bad times- see fall, vfallen on hard times- see hard, adjfill in time- see fill, vfill your time/the days etc (with sth)- see fill, vfix a time/date/place etc- see fix, vfor the first time- see first, adjfor the umpteenth time- see umpteenth, adjfree time- see free, adjfrom that/this day/time/moment etc forward- see forward, advfrom/since time immemorial- see immemorial, adjfull time- see full time, ngain time- see gain, vgive me sth (any day/time)- see give, vgive sb a hard time- see hard, adjgive sb time/a few weeks/all day etc- see give, vgood for some time/a hundred miles etc- see good, adjgood time- see good, adjhalt the march of time- see march, nhappens all the time- see happen, vhardly the time/place/person etc- see hardly, advhave a claim on sb"s time/attention etc- see claim, nhave a good time/day/weekend etc- see good, adjhave a good/terrible etc time- see have, vhave a hard time- see hard, adjhave a hard time doing sth- see hard, adjhave a hard time of it- see hard, adjhave a tough time (of it)- see tough, adjhave a whale of a time- see whale, nhave an easy time (of it)- see easy, adjhave an easy time of it- see easy, adjhave time (to do sth)- see have, vhave time/luck/God/right etc on your side- see side, nhit the big time- see big time, nif time permits- see permit, vin (the) course of time- see course, nin days/times/years etc gone by- see go, vin double-quick time- see double quick, advin extra time- see extra time, nin former times/years- see former, adjin good time (for sth/to do sth)- see good, adjin less than no time- see less_determinerin modern times- see modern, adjin no time- see no_determinerin olden times- see olden, adjin recent years/months/times etc- see recent, adjin record time- see record, nin term time- see term, nin the fullness of time- see fullness, nin the nick of time- see nick, nin your own good time- see good, adjin your own sweet way/time- see sweet, adjinjury time- see injury time, nit is high time sb did sth- see high, adjit"s only/just a matter of time- see matter, nit"s payback time- see payback, nit"s time I was moving/we ought to get moving etc- see move, vkill time/an hour etc- see kill, vlead time- see lead time, nleisure time- see leisure, nlet the good times roll- see let, vlimited number/amount/time etc- see limited, adjlong ago/a long time ago- see ago, advlong period of time- see long, adjlong stretches of time- see stretch, nlong time no see- see long, adjlose all sense of time/direction/proportion etc- see lose, vlose no time in doing sth- see lose, vlose time/2 days/3 hours etc- see lose, vlost in the mists of time- see mist, nlost ... track of time- see track, nmake up for lost time- see make, vmany a time- see many_determinermany"s the time/day etc (that/when)- see many_determinermark time- see mark, vmoney/time etc to spare- see spare, vmoney/time/space etc to play with- see play, vmost of the time/most days etc- see most_determinermove with the times- see move, vnearer the time- see near, advnine times out of ten- see nine, numberno time like the present- see present, nNot for the first time- see first, adjnow"s the time (for sb) to do sth- see now, advon short time- see short, adjonce upon a time- see once, advonce/twice/three times etc a week- see week, nopening time- see opening time, npeak times- see peak, adjperfect timing- see perfect, adjperfect way/place/time etc to do sth- see perfect, adjperfect/good/bad etc timing- see timing, nplanned/timed/arranged to coincide- see coincide, vplay for time- see play, vprecious seconds/minutes/hours/time- see precious, adjprime time- see prime time, nquality time- see quality time, nquite a/some time- see quite_predeterminerrace against time/against the clock- see race, nrace against time/the clock- see race, vreflects the mood of the time- see mood, nright time- see right, adjrough times- see rough, adjrun late/early/on time- see run, vrunning time- see running time, nsad time/day/moment etc- see sad, adjsb puts his pants on one leg at a time- see pants, nsense of timing- see timing, nserving time- see serve, vset a date/time (for sth)- see set, vshort time- see short, adjsign of the times- see sign, nsome time- see some_quantifiersome time ago- see ago, adv

可以的，你可以放心使用。

In the 2004–05 season, Nash led the Suns to the Western Conference Finals, and was named the league"s Most Valuable Player (MVP). He was named MVP again in the 2005–06 season, and missed out on a third consecutive MVP title to Nowitzki the next season. Nash has led the league in assists and free-throw percentage at various points in his career. He is also ranked as one of the top players in league history for three-point shooting, free-throw shooting, total assists and assists per game. Nash, who is married, is involved in charity and humanitarian work, and he is also interested in soccer and film-making. In 2006, Time named him as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. On 28 December 2007 it was announced that Nash would receive Canada"s highest civilian honour, the Order of Canada,[4] and on 3 June 2008, it was announced that Nash would receive a star on Canada"s Walk of Fame.[5] On 18 September 2009, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree by the University of Victoria, in recognition of his athletic achievements and his philanthropic work on behalf of young people through the Steve Nash Foundation

可能是原因是，scrnsave.exe是被病毒利用的也可能是超级解霸自行设置修改的，因为scrnsave.exe是屏保程序如不常用屏保程序建议删了此程序关于启动项，到注册表中键位HKCUControl PanelDesktop将字符串值名为SCRNSAVE.EXE的值改为C:WINDOWSsystem32ssmypics.scr保存再进行修复即可

读完了鸟儿的侦察报告这篇课文时，我受到了深刻的教育。

cwindows 这个是系统 的 不要乱动其余都是用来装东西的，可以删除不认识英文不要紧，只要记住他们的英文名字就行 用久了电脑就明白了

在Pro/Engineer软件版本中，除了使用类似proe2001、Wildfire、WildFire2.0、WildFire3.0、WildFire4.0和WildFire5.0等主版本外在每一个主版本中还有日期代码的小版本区别，不同的日期代码代表主版本的发行日期顺序。通常每一个主版本中都会有C000、F000和Mxxx三个不同系列的日期代码，C000版代表的是测试版，F000是第一次正式版，而类似M010，M020...M200等属于成熟的正式发行版系列。M系列的版本可以打开C000和F000系列版本的文件，而C000版本则无法打开相同主版本的F000和Mxxx版本的Pro/Engineer文件，比如WildFire4.0 C000版本的Pro/Engineer将无法打开WildFire4.0 M060版本Pro/Engineer所创建的文件，但反过来则可以。

1.用QQ音乐下载的歌曲改名试试在网页版更改，iphone内肯定是不能更改的2.QQ音乐下载的歌曲只能在QQ音乐这个app中使用，要iphone内有就只能用itunes导入3.同样在PC机上可以更改成匹配的歌词希望对你有用

滑连音 空弦滑2品

三人用，一定是要分配带宽的

1、懒惰行动得如此缓慢，贫穷很快就能超过它。 Laziness moves so slowly that poverty soon surpasses it. 2、上一秒你在讨厌自己的懒惰，下一秒你在享受你的懒惰。 Last second you hate your laziness, next second you enjoy your laziness. 3、如果懒惰不产生恶习或祸患，那通常也一定产生沮丧。 If laziness does not produce bad habits or misfortunes, it usually produces frustration. 4、我接受自私，虚荣，懒惰，因为这都是我。 I accept selfishness, vanity, laziness, because it"s all me. 5、一双懒惰的手并不能证明一颗满足的心。 A pair of lazy hands does not prove a satisfied heart. 6、勤劳给人智慧，懒惰使人愚昧。 Industry gives wisdom, laziness foolishness. 7、无论结局怎样：总比懒惰要强。 Whatever the oute: better than laziness. 8、错误的勤奋其实比懒惰更可怕。 False diligence is more terrible than laziness. 9、任何工作都是体面的，丢脸的是懒惰。 Every job is decent and dishonorable is laziness. 10、所谓家嘛，就是一个能让你懒惰、晕眩、疯狂放松的地方。 Home is a place where you can relax lazily, dizzily and crazily. 11、放纵自己只是给自己找理由懒惰，而懒惰的人生毫无意义。 To indulge oneself is to give oneself reasons for being lazy, and lazy life is meaningless. 12、才能一旦让懒惰支配，它就一无可为。 Once talent is dominated by laziness, it can do nothing. 13、失恋的人，不要懒惰，那样，悲伤会来。 Lost lover, don"t be lazy, so sorrow will e. 14、我的懒惰使我懒于同我的懒惰作斗争。 My laziness makes me lazy to fight against my laziness. 15、原谅我懒惰成性，却念你成疾。 Five me for being lazy, but miss you for being sick. 16、良机对于懒惰没有用，但勤劳可以使平常的机遇变成良机。 Good opportunities are useless for laziness, but hard work can turn ordinary opportunities into good ones. 17、懒惰受到的惩罚不仅仅是自己的失败，还有别人的成功。 Laziness is punished not only by its own failures, but also by the successes of others. 18、人变得懒散是教育的最恶劣的罪行。 Laziness is the worst crime of education. 19、说得到，做不到，不只是懒惰的问题。 It"s not just laziness that can"t be done. 20、想过要努力，但终是抵不过懒惰。 I thought about working hard, but I couldn"t resist being lazy. 21、懒惰是死海，会吞没一切道德。 Laziness is the Dead Sea, which engulfs all morals. 22、懒人的工作总是明天，而他的假日则是今天。 The lazy man"s work is always tomorrow, and his holiday is today. 23、天下事，以难而废者十之一，以惰而废者十之九。 Ten out of ten things in the world are discarded with difficulty, and nine out of ten are discarded with inertia. 24、我常常得到这样一个印象，懒惰和疲乏的表征差不多完全相同。 I often get the impression that laziness and fatigue are almost identical. 25、你有一天将遭遇的灾祸是你某一段时间疏懒的报应。 The disaster you will encounter one day is the reward of your laziness at some time. 26、世界上只有一个怪物，就是懒汉。 There is only one monster in the world, a lazy man. 27、我聪明的大脑，给了我懒惰的本钱。 My *** art brain gives me the money to be lazy. 28、作为一个没什么存在感的人，他的懒惰并不难理解。 As a person with no sense of existence, his laziness is not difficult to understand. 29、所有人都是懒散的，除了需要分队瓣时候。 Everyone is lazy except when it es to team petals. 30、你还没真的努力过，就轻易输给了懒惰。 You lose easily to laziness before you really try. 31、如果想一劳永逸，那是在懒惰的逃避。 If you want to escape once and for all, it is a lazy escape. 32、懒惰的另一解释：证明你没有多大压力。 Another explanation for laziness: proving you"re not stressed out. 33、懒惰行走得那么慢，以至贫穷很快就赶上了它。 Laziness walks so slowly that poverty soon catches up with it. 34、勤奋是智慧的双胞胎，懒惰是愚蠢的亲兄弟。 Diligence is the in of wisdom, laziness is the brother of folly. 35、懒惰没有牙齿，但可以吞噬人的智慧。 Laziness has no teeth, but it can devour human wisdom. 36、懒惰成性，一发不可收拾。 Laziness is irremediable. 37、现实告诉我，懒惰才会一事无成！ Reality tells me that laziness is nothing! 38、一只懒惰的羊连对自己身上长的毛也觉得负荷沉重。 A lazy sheep feels a heavy burden on its own hair. 39、胖，是上帝对你懒惰的惩罚。 Fat is God"s punishment for your laziness. 40、智慧和纯洁来自努力，无知和纵欲来自懒惰。 Wisdom and purity e from effort, ignorance and indulgence from laziness. 41、因为懒惰，总想来日方长。 Because of laziness, I always want to grow in the future. 42、你可以懒惰一下，但绝不能停止思考！ You can be lazy, but never stop thinking! 43、手懒的要受贫穷；手勤的，得到富足。 Lazy hands lead to poverty; industrious hands lead to wealth. 44、愿你贪吃不胖，愿你懒惰不丑，愿你深情不被辜负。 May you be greedy and not fat, lazy and not ugly, and loving and unfailing. 45、懒惰，会被万人揍，你痛苦时，还会选择懒惰吗？ Laziness, will be beaten by ten thousand people, when you suffer, will you choose laziness? 46、懒惰像灰尘，再硬的铁碰上也会生锈。 Laziness is like dust. Hard iron rusts when it es to it. 47、悠闲的生活与懒惰是两回事。 Leisure and laziness are o different things. 48、懒惰是怯懦的儿子，而疏忽是懒惰的儿子。 Laziness is the son of cowardice, while negligence is the son of laziness. 49、偷懒就会无聊，结果，由于别人希望忙碌而我们就失去了伙伴。 Laziness is boring. As a result, we lose partners because others want to be busy. 50、在青春的掩护下，颓废是勇气，懒惰是反抗，空虚是性感。 Under the cover of youth, decadence is courage, laziness is resistance, emptiness is sexy. 51、懒惰是人的一个本性，也就是说懒惰是与生俱来的。 Laziness is a human nature, that is to say, laziness is inherent. 52、人最大的对手，就是自己的懒惰。 One"s greatest adversary is his laziness.

oth A and B　play an important role是对的,play的单复数形式由它前面的主语决定,由于前面是both A and B所以要用复数,1, yonan315 举报 　重点是后面的play an important role 还是play important roles 还是有其他的解决办法 play important roles 是固定用法，是要问这个吗？,关于play an important role both A and B　plays an important role in today"s society.总感觉有点怪,both后有A 和 B 后面是play an!important role.不知道这种情况怎么处理,难道有play important roles?感觉略怪

使用命令行：/unitframes lock 解锁后，可以将系统默认的头像移动到任意位置，再次输入这个命令后锁定位置。如果你想恢复原来的位置，使用命令行：/unitframes reset。

We know Qingtong is a water town.The whence of Qingtong will ship is opinions vary for a long time.There is no independent or exact explanation.But it"s a normal phenomenon for a folk-custom.Because the complexity of history.I think we shuold respect it and try our best to know the story of this folk-custom.There"re some parlance about Qingtong will ship.The first one says it is caused by the hero from Liangshan.Because many privates died during the war .Qingtong people worship them on Tomb-sweeping Day（清明节）.It changed to be shipping gradually afterwards! The second is told about the founging emperor of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang .He could not find his families" tomb when the war over.So he tied to find them.His fillial piety（孝心）moved people and Qingtong people began to boating and find the tomb which was never worshiped. The third tale is in Ming Dynasty,people in Qingtong,Taizhou practise fighting on water which is good for resisting Japanese bandit.As time passed,shipping sport became to be a custom.Maybe they"re tales.But we can know the history better.

首先你的程序中while循环中的程序有明显错误：“P1=0X00;if(ds==1) //判断ds（P1.0口）是否加高电平”因为你前面定义端口：“sbit ds=P1^0; //脉冲信号输入口” 已经把P1.0定义为脉冲输入，当“P1 =0X00”时，P1.0至P1.7都变成低电平了， P1.0自然就被单片机内部控制为0电平，你后面的“if(ds==1) //判断ds”判断语句已经没有任何意义了。单片机不能检测负电压，只能检测高低电平。这个脉冲要从外部输入，例如用按键代替。不可以用程序本身从内部施加控制，一旦内部控制成低电平，怎么检测都是低电平。另外，STC15W4K48S4单片机手册提到的“要先锁存为1”，指的就是这个道理，你应该这样写：“ds = 1;”，或者写：“P1 = 0xff;”，然后判断：“if(ds==1)”，就是对外部脉冲的正确判断。如果只是外部输入脉冲，内部程序不改变端口状态，只写一次“ds = 1 ”就可以。

浅析内部审计风险的成因及解决途径[摘 要] 内部审计风险成因包括内部审计机构的独立性不够，内部审计人员的业务不精，内部审计方法的科学性不强，内部审计管理的制度不健全。为了降低内部审计风险，应加强内部审计的法制建设，保证内部审计的独立性，提高内部审计人员的素质，执行科学合理的审计工作程序，正确处理降低风险与经济效益的关系，开展以风险为导向的风险基础审计。[关键词] 审计 风险 管理内部审计风险包括固有风险和控制风险。固有风险是指在假定与内部会计控制无关的情况下，被审计单位整体财务报表和各账户余额或某项业务发生重大差错的可能性，即由于被审计单位经济业务的特点和会计核算工作本身的不足而形成的审计风险。如某些企业缺乏对会计制度应有的重视，账户体系庞杂、会计信息明晰性降低，报表利用困难，成本、费用缺乏成本核算概念等。控制风险是指由于被审单位内部控制制度不够健全完善，内部控制行为不力，不能及时发现和纠正某个账户或某种业务中的重大错误而形成的审计风险。有时即使审计人员确认被审计单位的内部控制制度不合理或在关键环节上失控，其提出的修正建议能否真正适合被审计单位的经营活动，也会形成一种修正风险。一、内部审计风险形成的原因1.内部审计机构的独立性不够内部审计机构是单位内设机构，在单位负责人的领导下开展工作，为单位服务。因此，内部审计的独立性不如社会审计，在审计过程中，不可避免地受本单位的利益制约。内审人员面临的是与单位领导层之间的领导与被领导的关系以及与各科室、部门之间的同事关系，所涉及的人不是领导就是同事，非直接有关也是间接相关，审计过程及结论必然涉及到具体的个人利益，因而审计过程难免受到各类人员干扰。2.内部审计人员的业务不精审计人员素质的高低是决定审计风险大小的主要因素。审计人员的素质包括从事审计需要的政策法规水平、专业知识、经验、技能、审计职业道德和工作责任。审计经验是审计人员应有的一种重要技能，审计经验需要实践的积累。我国的内部审计人员中不少人仅熟悉财务会计业务，一些审计人员不了解本单位的经营活动和内部控制，审计经验有限。另外，内部审计人员工作责任和职业道德也是影响审计风险的因素。由于我国内审准则工作规范和职业道德标准方面还有一些空白，许多内审机构和人员缺乏应有的职业规范的约束和指导。总之，目前我国内审人员总体素质偏低，直接影响到内审工作开展的深度和广度。面对当今内审对象的复杂和内容的拓展，内审人员势单力簿，这将直接导致审计风险的产生。3.内部审计方法的科学性不强我国内审方法是制度基础审计，随着企业内部经营管理环境复杂化，这种审计模式不适应开展内部管理审计的需要，因为它过分依赖于对企业内部管理控制的测试，本身就蕴藏巨大的风险内部审计一般采用统计抽样方法，由于抽样审计本身是以样本的审查结果来推断总体的特征，因此，样本和总体之间必然会形成一定的误差，形成审计的抽样风险。随着信息化程度提高，被审计单位的会计信息资料会越来越多，差错和虚假的会计资料掺杂其中，失察的可能性也随之加大。虽然统计抽样是建立在坚实的数学理论基础之上，但其本身是允许存在一定的审计风险的。同样，大量的分析性审核也会产生相关风险，使审计风险的构成内容更为复杂。4.内部审计管理的制度不健全内部审计管理的制度建设及执行情况是内部审计的前提和基础。健全有效的内部管理制度能及时发现和控制企业经济活动中发生的各种差错和舞弊。为保证内部审计质量，内审组织应建立完善的质量控制制度，但是，部分审计机构至今仍缺少事前的审计计划、事中的审计程序和报告期的审计复核；审计工作底稿不完整，一般仅记录审计问题事项，而未记录审计人员认为正确的审计事项，使得审计复核、审计质量控制无从入手；审计报告以协调关系为出发点，以肯定工作成绩为基调，问题定性模棱两可。以上现状的存在，使得保证内部审计质量成为一句空话，更谈不上防范风险。二、降低内部审计风险的途径1.加强内部审计的法制建设完善和健全审计法规体系是内部审计风险控制的基础措施。审计规范是审计人员的行为规范和工作准则，不仅可以控制和减少审计风险，而且也是衡量审计人员法律责任的标准。我国内部审计起步较晚，与西方国家相比，在相关制度建设上存在着许多不完善的地方。为了适应现代内部审计不断发展的要求，就必须加强审计工作法制化、规范化建设，尽量减少审计工作的盲目性和随意性。2.保证内部审计的独立性独立性可以使内部审计师提出公正的和不偏不倚的专业判断，这对审计工作的恰当开展是必不可少的。内部审计机构独立性的内涵应主要表现为形式上的独立和实质上的独立两方面。形式上的独立要求内部审计在组织内具有较高的组织地位，内部审计师的工作应能够获得高级管理层和董事会的支持。实质上的独立是指内部审计人员在精神上必须保持必要的独立性，应以公正的态度，避免利益冲突，在开展内部审计工作时，保持诚实的信念，遵守职业道德准则，在整个审计过程中不做出重大的妥协。3.提高内部审计人员的素质审计人员是审计工作的具体执行者，其业务素质的高低直接关系到审计项目质量的好坏和审计风险的大小。因此，提高审计人员的素质，对控制和防范审计风险，提高审计质量起着根本性作用。首先，应加强内审人员政治素质教育和能力的培养，树立内审人员一丝不苟的工作精神和扎扎实实的工作作风，对其进行定期与不定期的培训，使其具备与其工作相适应的高尚品质，高度的事业心、责任感以及处理问题的能力；二是要引导审计人员通过工作实践，及时总结内审工作经验，不断完善审计手段和方法，不断提高运用理论知识解决实际问题的本领和应对复杂多变的工作局面的能力；三是要在进一步完善审计队伍准入制度，实行执证上岗的基础上，建立科学的激励机制，充分调动审计人员的积极性，激发其爱岗敬业的热情，使审计工作队伍在稳定的基础上不断发展壮大；四是要加强审计人员的业务培训和继续教育，使他们能熟练掌握审计的基本知识、基本技能和基本方法，熟悉会计、经济管理、经济法规等相关知识，提高内审人员的审计查证能力，以适应新形势的需要。4.执行科学合理的审计工作程序科学的审计程序是圆满完成各项审计任务、降低审计风险的重要手段。从审计任务的下达和审计工作方案的编制，到实施审计、编制审计工作底稿、出具审计报告整个工作流程必须有一套规范的程序。在实施审计的工作中，要充分运用现代的及成熟的审计技术方法。从审计组提交审计报告到作出审计决定阶段应有完善的“把关”程序。要抓好执法检查和廉政回访工作，要检查审计人员在审计活动中，证据收集是否齐全，程序是否符合要要求，决定是否合法，发现问题要及时进行补救和纠正。审计人员应严格按照程序操作一环扣一环，并且对每个环节进行控制，将审计风险隐患消灭在审计的各个环节。5.正确处理降低风险与经济效益的关系审计风险可以控制但不能完全消除，如果一味降低审计风险，就可能违背成本效益原则。因此，在接受审计任务时，要认真评价被审计单位的风险程度，高风险单位应该选派经验丰富，解决问题能力强的人员，并适当延长审计时间，而对低风险单位可以投入较少的人力，物力和时间，这样就能使降低审计风险、提高效率和降低成本三者统一起来。6.开展以风险为导向的风险基础审计风险基础审计是通过对审计风险进行系统的分析和评价，来确定审计风险是否可以控制在可以接受的范围内。它主要运用分析性复核的方法，不仅对客户的控制风险进行评价，同时更要对产生风险的各个要素进行分析和评价，以确定实质性测试的范围和重点。这样就使审计风险与整个审计过程密切联系起来，以风险的分析与控制为出发点，以保证审计质量为前提，统筹运用符合性测试、实质性测试、分析性检查等方法，综合各种审计证据，以控制审计风险。近年来，风险基础审计在世界各国已广泛应用，其原因就在于它从审计准备阶段开始就考虑审计风险。我国内部审计也应尽快实现向这种审计模式的过渡，以提高审计质量。参考文献：[1]邱 嘉:试论内部审计与内部控制的关系.消费导刊，2008.2:84[2]范太艳等:浅议内部审计的咨询服务职能.网络财富，2008.06:52～53[3]段 琳:内部审计:风险管理的抓手.中国石油企业，2007.12:31～33[4]刘 莉:企业内部审计风险分析与规避对策.商业会计，2008.12:46～47[4]赵 菁:降低内部审计风险的途径.西安建筑科技大学学报，2008.02:17～20[5]张孝兰等:内部审计的风险与防范对策.乐山师范学院学报，2007.08:52～53[6]周丽琼:企业内部审计的风险管理.企业家天地，2007.10:77～80Analysis of the causes of internal audit risk and its solution[Abstract] internal audit risk factors include the independence of internal audit bodies enough, the internal audit staff ill-equipped business, internal audit of the scientific method is not strong, internal audit management systems. In order to reduce the risk of internal audit, internal audit should strengthen the legal system, guarantee the independence of internal audit, internal audit staff to improve the quality of the audit of the implementation of scientific and rational work processes, reduce risks and to correctly handle the relationship between economic efficiency and conduct a risk - oriented risk-based audit.[Key words]Audit,Risk,RiskInternal audit risks include the inherent risks and control risks. The inherent risks is the assumption that has nothing to do with internal accounting controls, the units being audited financial statements and the overall balance of the account of a business or the possibility of a major error, that is caused by the audit unit economic characteristics of business and accounting work itself the formation of the lack of audit risk. Some enterprises such as the lack of due attention to the accounting system, account system complex, reducing clarity of accounting information, reports, use of difficulty, cost, cost of lack of cost accounting concepts. Control risk refers to as a result of inadequate internal control system被审单位perfect, weak internal control behavior, not timely detection and correction of a business account or a major error in the formation of audit risk. Sometimes, even if the auditors audited units to confirm the internal control system is unreasonable or out of control in key areas, the amendments proposed by the audit can really suitable for operating activities, but will also create a risk amendment.First, the internal audit risk causes1. The independence of the internal audit agency enoughInternal audit body is set up units in institutions, in the unit under the leadership of the responsible persons to work as a unit of service. Therefore, the independence of internal audit as social audit, the audit process, inevitably affected the interests of the unit constraints. OIA staff faced with the unit leadership was among the leadership and the leadership of the relationship, as well as with various sections, the relationship between colleagues, people are not involved in the leadership of my colleagues is, non-directly related to also indirectly related to the audit process and conclusions will inevitably involve the interests of specific individuals, which inevitably affected the audit process for all categories of personnel interference.2. Internal audit operations personnel ill-equippedThe quality of auditors is to determine the size of audit risk factors. The quality of the audit including those engaged in the audit of the policies and regulations need to level of expertise, experience, skills, audit professional ethics and work responsibilities.Audit experience, the audit staff should have an important skill, the need for the audit practice of the accumulation of experience. China"s internal audit staff, many people only familiar with the financial and accounting operations, some auditors do not understand the business activities of this unit and internal controls, audit limited experience. In addition, the internal audit staff responsibilities and professional ethics is the impact of audit risk factors. Because of China"s internal guidelines for the work of norms and ethical standards still some gaps, and many internal organs and personnel lack of occupational norms bound and guidance. In short, China"s overall quality of the low OIA staff and directly affected the internal audit work carried out by the depth and breadth. Faced with the complexity of today"s OIA object and content development, internal audit staff and powerful single force book, which will directly lead to the selection of audit risk.3. Internal audit of the scientific method is not strongChina"s system of internal audit is the basis of the audit, with the internal operation and management of environmental complicated models are not suited to carry out this audit internal management audit of the needs, because it is overly dependent on the internal management of enterprises controlled test, in itself a huge potential the risk of internal audit generally use statistical sampling methods, as a result of the sample itself is based on a sample audit of the results of the review can be inferred from the general characteristics, therefore, between the samples and the overall form is bound to a certain degree of error, the formation of audit sampling risk. With the degree of information technology improved, the audited accounting information will be more and more errors and false accounting information doped them, and failed to investigate the possibility of also increasing. Although the survey sample is built on the solid foundation of mathematical theory, but its existence is to allow a certain degree of audit risk. Similarly, a large number of analytical review will also have associated risks, so that the composition of the contents of audit risk is more complicated.4. Internal Audit management systemsInternal audit management system construction and implementation of internal audit is the prerequisite and foundation. Sound and effective internal management system to detect and control of enterprise economic activity occurring in a variety of errors and fraud. To ensure the quality of internal audit, internal audit organizations should establish a perfect quality control system, however, some audit institutions still lack of prior audit plan, a matter of auditing procedures and audit review of the reporting period; the audit working papers incomplete, generally only Records of audit matters, not the recording of audit staff that the correct audit matters, making the audit review, audit quality control no way; to coordinate the relationship between the audit report as a starting point to certain performance-based, qualitative ambiguous issues. More than the existence of the status quo, making the internal audit quality assurance become an empty talk, let alone ward off risks.Second, reduce the risk of internal audit ways1. Strengthen the internal audit of the legal systemImprove and perfect the legal system for the audit of internal audit is the basis of risk control measures. Audit norms, the audit staff code of conduct and guidelines, not only to control and reduce audit risk, but also to measure auditors liability standards. China"s internal audit late start compared with Western countries in the relevant system-building there are many imperfections. In order to adapt to the continuous development of modern internal audit requirements, it is necessary to strengthen the audit work of legalization and standardization construction to minimize the audit work of blindness and randomness.2. To ensure the independence of internal auditThe independence of the internal auditor can make a fair and impartial professional judgment, which is appropriate to carry out the audit work is essential. The independence of internal audit bodies connotation should be reflected mainly in the form of independence and de facto independence in two ways. Formal independence requirements of internal audit in the organization of organizations with high status, the internal auditor should have access to senior management and board of directors support. Essentially refers to an independent internal audit staff in the spirit of the need to maintain the necessary independence, should be a fair and just manner and avoid conflicts of interest, in carrying out internal audit work, to maintain an honest belief in compliance with the Code of Ethics for the entire audit process does not make a significant compromise.References:[1]Qiu Jia: On the internal audit and internal control relationship. Consumer Guide, 2008.2:84[2]Fan Wen-Yan ,etc: On the internal audit function of the advisory services. Network wealth 2008.06:52 ~ 53[3] Duan Lin: Internal Audit: Risk Management grasps. China"s oil companies, 2007.12:31 ~ 33[4] Liu Li: Corporate Internal Audit Risk Analysis and Countermeasures to circumvent. Commercial accounting, 2008.12:46 ~ 47[4] Zhao Qing: Reduce the risk of internal audit ways. Xi"an University of Architecture and Technology Journal, 2008.02:17 ~ 20[5]Zhang Xiao-Lan,etc: internal audit risks and preventive measures. Leshan Teachers College Journal, 2007.08:52 ~ 53[6]Zhou Li-Qiong: enterprise internal audit risk management. Entrepreneurs world, 2007.10:77 ~ 80仅供参考，请自借鉴希望对您有帮助

Japan"s trade ministry atomic energy security guards courtyard 12 announced that f island first nuclear power plant unit 1 peripheral detected radioactive substances, cesium and iodine cesium and iodine is the fuel the reactor core product of uranium fission occurred, suggesting that the reactor core fuel melting further intensifies. However, 1st unit within the reactor vessel has been released, the steam tank air pressure has begun to decline.

海港第九装卸区就是上港集团张华浜分公司上海港第十装卸区就是上港集团军工路分公司上海港第十四装卸区就是上港集团宝山分公司 上海港由3大港区组成1洋山港区主要是盛东（洋山1期）与冠东（洋山3期）2外高桥港区主要是浦东集装箱码头（外1期）振东集装箱码头（外2期）沪东集装箱码头（外5期）明东码头（外4期）海通汽车码头（外六期）3吴淞SCT港区主要是张华浜军工路宝山 张华浜军工路同时是间杂货码头 张华浜位于吴淞大桥下北张华浜是集装箱码头南张华浜是重大件件杂货码头 上海集装箱码头有限公司（简称SCT）是由上海国际港务（集团）股份有限公司（简称上港集团）与和记港口集团有限公司（简称和记黄埔港口）共同投资组建，合资双方各占50%股份，于1993年8月12日正式成立。 SCT经营张华浜、军工路、宝山3个国际集装箱专用码头 上海港东昌装卸公司,前身是上海港第一装卸作业区(现已拆除) 上海港民生装卸公司,前身是上海港第二装卸作业区(现已改制为上港集团民生分公司) 上海港汇山装卸公司,前身是上海港第三装卸作业区(现已拆除) 上海港木材装卸公司,上海港第四装卸区(现已拆除) 上海港高阳装卸公司,前身是上海港第五装卸作业区(现已改制为上港集团国际客运中心) 上海港开平装卸公司,前身是上海港第六装卸作业区(现已拆除) 上海港煤炭装卸公司,其前身是上海港第七装卸作业区(现原址已拆除,改制为上港集团煤炭分公司罗泾港区) 上海港新华装卸公司,其前身是上海港第八装卸作业区(即将拆除,现已经改制为上港集团新华分公司新华码头和军工路码头) 上海港张华浜装卸公司,其前身是上海港第九装卸作业区(现已改制为上港集团张华浜分公司) 上海港军工路装卸公司,其前身是上海港第十装卸作业区(现已改制为上港集团军工路分公司罗泾钢杂码头) 上海港共青装卸公司,,其前身是上海港第十一装卸作业区(现已改制为上港集团海湾分公司) 上海港复兴船务公司,前身是上海港南市装卸服务站和上海港第十二装卸作业区 上海港宝山装卸公司,其前身是上海港第十四装卸作业区(现改制为上港集团宝山分公司) 外高桥港区一期码头，上港十六区(先为上海浦东国际集装箱码头有限公司) 外高桥港区二,三期码头(上港集团振东集装箱码头分公司) 外高桥港区四期码头(上海沪东集装箱码头有限公司) 外高桥港区五期码头(上海明东集装箱码头有限公司) 外高桥港区六期码头(上海海通国际汽车码头有限公司) 上海SCT码头(上海集装箱码头有限公司张华浜 军工路 宝山码头) 上海洋山深水港一 二期码头(上海盛东国际集装箱码头有限公司)

来啦来啦uu，给你的优质作文噢~嘿嘿As college students, it is important for us to develop social skills in order to build connections with others and succeed in our careers. However, many students struggle with socializing and may feel isolated or disconnected from others. In this essay, I will outline several steps that can be taken to improve social skills and become more comfortable in social situations.First, it is important to identify areas of weakness and actively work to improve them. This may involve attending networking events, joining clubs or organizations related to your interests, or simply practicing small talk with strangers. By putting yourself in uncomfortable situations and challenging yourself to engage with others, you can gradually become more confident and effective in social interactions.In addition, it is important to develop good communication skills. This includes both verbal and nonverbal communication, such as maintaining eye contact, using appropriate body language, and listening attentively to others. It is also important to be able to express yourself clearly and concisely, to avoid miscommunication and misunderstandings.Another important aspect of developing social skills is learning to manage emotions effectively. This includes recognizing and managing one"s own emotions, as well as responding appropriately to the emotions of others. By developing emotional intelligence, we can better connect with others and build stronger, more meaningful relationships.Finally, it is important to practice empathy and understanding towards others. This means actively seeking to understand their perspectives, experiences, and feelings, and responding in a way that is compassionate and respectful. By demonstrating empathy, we can build trust and respect with others, and create a more supportive and inclusive social environment.In conclusion, developing strong social skills is essential for success in both our personal and professional lives. By taking steps to identify and address areas of weakness, communicate effectively, manage emotions, and practice empathy, we can become more confident and effective in social situations. With practice and dedication, anyone can improve their social skills and build stronger, more meaningful relationships.